BDD框架:behave学习记录
本人学习的时候基本上是按照behave的tutorial教程一步步学习的,这篇文章就当Behave教程的翻译版吧(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……。
1 安装behave
安装好python后,使用 pip install behave命令安装behave
------ behave的官方网站: http://pythonhosted.org/behave/
2 一个简单的实例
新建下面几个文件,文件结构如下
firstCase
firstCase/wordcheck.feature
firstCase/steps
firstCase/steps/wordcheck.py
wordcheck.feature的内容如下:
Feature: word check
Scenario: Check letters
Given I have a letter y
When I input letter y
Then the inputed letter is Equal with y
wordcheck.py内容如下:
__author__ = 'helen'
from behave import *
@Given('I have a letter')
def step_impl(context):
pass
@When('I input letter {letter}')
def step_impl(context,letter):
context.letter = letter
@Then('the inputed letter is Equal with {TargetLetter}')
def step_impl(context,TargetLetter):
assert context.letter is context.TargetLetter
完成这两个文件,我们的第一个case就完成了,下面通过cmd命令来执行它。
第一次运行,结果如下,说没有TargetLetter参数。
检查了wordcheck.py,发现@Then的部份忘记给TargetLetter赋值了,加上红框部份。
第二次运行,执行通过,如下图所示:
就这样,一个简单的实例就完成了,是不是好简单(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……
3 features文件夹
我上面写的例子中的 “firstCase” 文件夹就相当于现在说的features文件夹。
下面简单说一下.feature和.py文件:
1) .feature文件是用于编写测试场,你可以把各种场景和数据写在里面,支持中文;
2) .py文件就是根据你写的测试场景和数据来执行测试。
3) 最好.feature文件与.py文件一一对应。
如官网教程所说,简单点的项目文件结构如下:
features/
features/everything.feature
features/steps/
features/steps/steps.py
复杂一点的结构如下:
features/
features/signup.feature
features/login.feature
features/account_details.feature
features/environment.py
features/steps/
features/steps/website.py
features/steps/utils.py
4 .feature文件介绍
一个.feature文件里可以写多个Scenario,如下所示:
Feature: comparison
Scenario: comparison two words
Given I have two words
When input a and a
Then two words Equal
Scenario: comparison two numbers
Given I have two numbers
When I input number1 3 and number2 2
Then the first number big then the last number
下面对这些关键词做一些简单的解析:
1) Feature:功能名称
2) Scenario:场景名称
3) Given:给出测试前提条件;
4) when:相当我们的测试步骤;
5) Then:给出期望结果
有一个值得注意的是,你可以把“And”或“But”加到这些步骤中,如下:
Feature: word check
Scenario: Check letters
Given I have a letter
When I input letter y
But I just want to show the key word "But"
Then the inputed letter is Equal with y
And continue to next case
但是要注意,你在.py中要写入相应的步骤处理方法,如下图所示,你要加入“When I just want to show the key word "But"”和“Then continue to next case”相对应的方法,
4.1 Scenario Outlines
在测试同一个场景时,很多时候我们需要输入各种各样的数据来验证不同的结果输出,这时我们用Scenario Outlines就可以实现了。如下图分别输大小写字母来验证场景
Feature: word check
Scenario Outline: Check letters
Given I have a letter
When I input letter <keyword>
Then the inputed letter is Equal with <targetword>
Examples: Lowercase letters
|keyword|targetword|
|a |a |
|b |b |
Examples: Capital letters
|keyword|targetword|
|F |F |
|D |D |
执行结果如下:
4.2 在场景中添加注释
在场景中,你可以通过"""来输出更多注释信息,这些注释会成为Context的“.text”属性值,如下图分别在Given\When\Then中加入注释:
Feature: word check
Scenario : show notes
Given I want to show some notes
"""
This is Given Notes
"""
When just want to show some notes
"""
This is When notes
"""
Then there is a word "Then" in the attribute ".text"
"""
This is Then notes
"""
然后在py文件中,我们最后判断"Then"是否存在Context.text中,如下代码:
__author__ = 'helen'
from behave import *
@Given('I want to show some notes')
def step_impl(context):
pass
@When('just want to show some notes')
def step_impl(context):
pass
@Then('there is a word "Then" in the attribute ".text"')
def step_impl(context):
assert context.text.find("Then")
最后执行通过,执行结果如下,在结果中输出了注释:
4.3 使用table
跟上面的context.text一样,在场景中可以一个表格作为context.table属性值,如下图在Given中加入表格:
Feature: show the table
Scenario: some scenario
Given a set of specific users
| name | department |
| Barry | Beer Cans |
| Pudey | Silly Walks |
| Two-Lumps | Silly Walks |
When we count the number of people in each department
Then we will find two people in "Silly Walks"
But we will find one person in "Beer Cans"
6 Environment.py
Environment.py是个非常重要的文件,放在feature文件夹下,与.feature文件并列。下面是Environment.py中定义的一些方法:
before_step(context, step), after_step(context, step)
These run before and after every step.
before_scenario(context, scenario), after_scenario(context, scenario)
These run before and after each scenario is run.
before_feature(context, feature), after_feature(context, feature)
These run before and after each feature file is exercised.
before_tag(context, tag), after_tag(context, tag)
These run before and after a section tagged with the given name. They are invoked for each tag encountered in the order they’re found in the feature file. See controlling things with tags.
before_all(context), after_all(context)
These run before and after the whole shooting match.
下面是一个简单的例子,大家可以根据自己的需要定义方法:
# coding:utf-8
__author__ = 'helen'
import sys
from behave import *
from selenium import webdriver
# 开始测试前,定义系统编码为utf-8
def before_all(context):
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
def before_feature(context):
context.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
def after_feature(context):
context.driver.quit()
7 通过标签tag来控制测试执行
标签以@开头,如下示例:
Feature: find a look
@valid
Scenario: look up a book
Given I search for a valid book
Then the result page will include "success"
@invalid
Scenario: look up an invalid book
Given I search for a invalid book
Then the result page will include "failure"
执行的时候在behave 后面加上tag 标签即可,如我只测试“valid”这个场景,那么就输入“behave --tags=valid”,执行如下图所示,一个场景跳过忽略:
如果你想执行若干个不同标签的场景,你可以这么写“behave --tags=valid,invalid”;
如果你想执行除了@invalid外的所有场景,你可以这么写“behave --tags=-invalid”;
如果你要执行标签包含了 “valid”和“invalid”两个签标的场景,你可以这么写“behave --tags=valid --tags=invalid”
当然,tags在py文件中也起作用,例如
def before_feature(context):
if 'browser' in feature.tags:
context.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
def after_feature(context):
if 'browser' in feature.tags:
context.driver.quit()