J2EE学习经验:JSP学习总结
前言
熟悉JAVA语法很久后,迟迟才开始学习JSP。而学习JSP时,却只学了基本的用法就去学Struts和Hibernate,以致对JSP掌握得很不够。后来发现所学习的Struts框架实际上是“包装”了的JSP。所以,我在学习框架的时候也回头看看JSP。
以后应该不会再去专门学习JSP了。现在把一些JSP的相关知识总结下,记录下来,以防来日忘了。
说明:以下所描述的环境是jdk1.5、tomcat5.5、 jsp2.0、 servlet2.4、JSTL1.1.2
一、基本配置
基本的重要的配置在web.xml 文件中。
1、Jsp属性组
<jsp-property-group>
<url-pattern>/pages/*</url-pattern>
<el-ignore>true</el-ignore>
<page-encoding>UTF-8</page-encoding>
<include-prelude>/include/header.jspf</include-prelude>
<include-coda>/include/copyright.jspf</include-coda>
</jsp-property-group>
<url-pattern>/pages/*</url-pattern>
<el-ignore>true</el-ignore>
<page-encoding>UTF-8</page-encoding>
<include-prelude>/include/header.jspf</include-prelude>
<include-coda>/include/copyright.jspf</include-coda>
</jsp-property-group>
这个设置可以指定页面编码,页头页脚等等。
设置 <page-encoding>UTF-8</page-encoding> 的好处是不用在每个页面像这样指定编码:<%@page contentType="html/text;charset=UTF-8" %>
而设置 <include-prelude>/include/header.jspf</include-prelude> 使得每个页面都在头部包含header.jspf文件(通常把对标签的包含放在这里)。
2、数据库资源的引用
<resource-ref>
<description>CourseDesign JDNI datasource</description>
<res-ref-name>jdbc/test</res-ref-name>
<res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
<res-auth>Container</res-auth>
</resource-ref>
<description>CourseDesign JDNI datasource</description>
<res-ref-name>jdbc/test</res-ref-name>
<res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
<res-auth>Container</res-auth>
</resource-ref>
前提是要在TOMCAT的中配置
<Context path="/Course" docBase="Course" debug="0" crosscontext="true" reloadable="true">
<Resource name="jdbc/test" auth="Container" type="javax.sql.DataSource"
maxActive="100" maxIdle="30" maxWait="10000"
username="root" password="123456"
driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/databaseName?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8" />
</Context>
<Resource name="jdbc/test" auth="Container" type="javax.sql.DataSource"
maxActive="100" maxIdle="30" maxWait="10000"
username="root" password="123456"
driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/databaseName?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8" />
</Context>
在程序中可以这样获取连接
public static Connection getConnection()
{
Connection conn=null;
try
{
Context initContext = new InitialContext();
Context envContext = (Context)initContext.lookup("java:/comp/env");
DataSource ds = (DataSource)envContext.lookup("jdbc/test");
conn = ds.getConnection();
}catch(Exception e){ }
return conn;
}
{
Connection conn=null;
try
{
Context initContext = new InitialContext();
Context envContext = (Context)initContext.lookup("java:/comp/env");
DataSource ds = (DataSource)envContext.lookup("jdbc/test");
conn = ds.getConnection();
}catch(Exception e){ }
return conn;
}
3、过滤器
一般来说,字符编码的处理,我们会写一个过滤器。这个过滤器的JAVA类在TOMCAT的例子中有提供,可以按需来更改再拿来用。只要在配置文件中设置:
<filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>powerwind.filter.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/pages/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-class>powerwind.filter.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/pages/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
4、标签的URI
JSTL是个东西,里面提供了很好用的标签(Tag),但也不一定满足我们的要求,就自己写标签了。把 *.tld 文件直接放到WEB-INF下,在自己定义的tld文件中加上<uri>元素,如:<uri>http://powerwind/course</uri> 。
5、日志
只用过log4j这个日志包。首先是配置文件 log4j.properties (比较完整的配置,应根据情况选择):
log4j.rootLogger = DEBUG,INFO, A1, A2,A3
log4j.appender.A1 = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.A1.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern = %4p [%t] (%F:%L) - %m%n
log4j.appender.A2 = org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.A2.File =../../log/test.log
log4j.appender.A2.MaxFileSize = 1KB
log4j.appender.A2.MaxBackupIndex = 3
log4j.appender.A2.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A2.layout.ConversionPattern = %d{yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss}:%p %t %c - %m%n
log4j.appender.A3=org.apache.log4j.jdbc.JDBCAppender
log4j.appender.A3.URL= jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/log4jTest
log4j.appender.A3.driver= com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
log4j.appender.A3.user= root
log4j.appender.A3.password= 123456
log4j.appender.A3.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A3.layout.ConversionPattern = INSERT INTO log4j (createDate, thread, level, class, message) values('%d', '%t', '%-5p', '%c', '%m')
log4j.appender.A1 = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.A1.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern = %4p [%t] (%F:%L) - %m%n
log4j.appender.A2 = org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.A2.File =../../log/test.log
log4j.appender.A2.MaxFileSize = 1KB
log4j.appender.A2.MaxBackupIndex = 3
log4j.appender.A2.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A2.layout.ConversionPattern = %d{yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss}:%p %t %c - %m%n
log4j.appender.A3=org.apache.log4j.jdbc.JDBCAppender
log4j.appender.A3.URL= jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/log4jTest
log4j.appender.A3.driver= com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
log4j.appender.A3.user= root
log4j.appender.A3.password= 123456
log4j.appender.A3.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A3.layout.ConversionPattern = INSERT INTO log4j (createDate, thread, level, class, message) values('%d', '%t', '%-5p', '%c', '%m')
接着写个Servlet来加载log4j:
package powerwind.servlet;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class Log4jInit extends HttpServlet {
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
super.init(config);
String prefix = getServletContext().getRealPath("/");
String file = getInitParameter("log4j");
System.out.println("init log4j...");
if (file != null){
PropertyConfigurator.configure(prefix+file);
}else
{
PropertyConfigurator.configure(prefix+"log4j.properties");
}
}
}
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class Log4jInit extends HttpServlet {
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
super.init(config);
String prefix = getServletContext().getRealPath("/");
String file = getInitParameter("log4j");
System.out.println("init log4j...");
if (file != null){
PropertyConfigurator.configure(prefix+file);
}else
{
PropertyConfigurator.configure(prefix+"log4j.properties");
}
}
}
然后同时要在web.xml下配置:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>log4jInit</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>powerwind.servlet.Log4jInit</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>log4j</param-name>
<param-value>WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-name>log4jInit</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>powerwind.servlet.Log4jInit</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>log4j</param-name>
<param-value>WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
6、国际化
#test_zh_CN.properties
#login page
login.title=登录页面
#login page
login.title=登录页面
小型的应用中,我们并不常需要国际化。但是,如果网站要中文版和英文版的话,这个就不错啦。使用时很简单,把资源test_zh_CN.properties文件放到classes目录下,然后用JSTL的fmt标签调用。
<fmt:setLocale value="zh_CN" scope=”session” />
<fmt:setBundle basename="test" scope=”session” var=”hehe” />
<fmt:message key="login.title" bundle=”${hehe}” scope=”session” />
<fmt:setBundle basename="test" scope=”session” var=”hehe” />
<fmt:message key="login.title" bundle=”${hehe}” scope=”session” />
其中var和scope属性不是必需的。三者结合,就可以实现国际化了。
二、极限与安全
资源放在WEB-INF下是安全的,因为这个目录对于客户端是不存在的。权限控制并不是仅仅这样就可以了。如果只是简单地判断用户是否登录,可用一个过滤器检查Session对象即可。若需要级别控制的话,就在Session中保存级别信息,然后加以判断。
一般把权限的控制做成一个标签(tag)。如:
public int doEndTag() throws JspException {
HttpSession session = pageContext.getSession();
if ((session != null) && (session.getAttribute("user") != null)) {
String t = ((UserBean) session.getAttribute("user")).getType();
if (t == null || role == null) {
invalid();
return (SKIP_PAGE);
}
String[] roles = role.split(delimiter);
for (int i = 0; i < roles.length; i++) {
if (roles[i].equalsIgnoreCase(role))
return (EVAL_PAGE);
}
} else {
invalid();
return (SKIP_PAGE);
}
return (EVAL_PAGE);
}
HttpSession session = pageContext.getSession();
if ((session != null) && (session.getAttribute("user") != null)) {
String t = ((UserBean) session.getAttribute("user")).getType();
if (t == null || role == null) {
invalid();
return (SKIP_PAGE);
}
String[] roles = role.split(delimiter);
for (int i = 0; i < roles.length; i++) {
if (roles[i].equalsIgnoreCase(role))
return (EVAL_PAGE);
}
} else {
invalid();
return (SKIP_PAGE);
}
return (EVAL_PAGE);
}
三、上传与下载
上传的话,一般使用已有的组件,如commons-fileupload 或者欧莱礼的cos (可能会遇到中文编码的问题)。而下载,比较简单,就自己写了个Servlet。
public void handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException {
String name = request.getParameter("name");
String type = request.getParameter("type");
String dir = request.getParameter("dir");
if (name == null || name.length() < 2 || dir == null || dir.length() < 1 || type == null || type.length() < 1) {
throw new ServletException("Sorry,error occured");
}
char ch = dir.charAt(dir.length() - 1);
if (ch != '/' || ch != '\')
dir = dir + "/";
ServletOutputStream os = null;
BufferedInputStream bis = null;
try {
File file = new File(dir + name);
if (!file.exists() || file.length() >= Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
logger.error("Invalid file or file to large,file: " + name);
throw new ServletException(
"Invalid file or file to large,file: " + name);
}
response.setContentType("application/" + type);
response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+ name);
response.setContentLength((int) file.length());
os = response.getOutputStream();
bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
int size = -1;
while ((size = bis.read()) != -1)
os.write(size);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
throw new ServletException(ioe.getMessage());
} finally {
if (os != null)
os.close();
if (bis != null)
bis.close();
}
}
HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException {
String name = request.getParameter("name");
String type = request.getParameter("type");
String dir = request.getParameter("dir");
if (name == null || name.length() < 2 || dir == null || dir.length() < 1 || type == null || type.length() < 1) {
throw new ServletException("Sorry,error occured");
}
char ch = dir.charAt(dir.length() - 1);
if (ch != '/' || ch != '\')
dir = dir + "/";
ServletOutputStream os = null;
BufferedInputStream bis = null;
try {
File file = new File(dir + name);
if (!file.exists() || file.length() >= Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
logger.error("Invalid file or file to large,file: " + name);
throw new ServletException(
"Invalid file or file to large,file: " + name);
}
response.setContentType("application/" + type);
response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+ name);
response.setContentLength((int) file.length());
os = response.getOutputStream();
bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
int size = -1;
while ((size = bis.read()) != -1)
os.write(size);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
throw new ServletException(ioe.getMessage());
} finally {
if (os != null)
os.close();
if (bis != null)
bis.close();
}
}
以上只是个示例程序,灵活与方便的做法应该是在Servlet初始化参数(<init-param>)设置下载文件所在目录,当然也可以在页面中设置参数。甚至可以做成一个下载标签,方便使用。
Software, the promoters of the progress of the times!------Shawn
posted on 2007-05-09 11:42 Shawn Zhang 阅读(426) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报