jdbc框架-dbutils的简单使用
jdbc框架-dbutils的简单使用
dbutils:是apache组织的一个工具类,jdbc的框架,更方便我们使用
使用步骤:
1.导入jar包(commons-dbutils-1.4.jar)
2.创建一个queryrunner类
queryrunner作用:操作sql语句
构造方法:
new QueryRunner(Datasource ds);
3.编写sql
4.执行sql
query(..):执行r操作
update(...):执行cud操作
核心类或接口
QueryRunner:类名
作用:操作sql语句
构造器:
new QueryRunner(Datasource ds);
注意:
底层帮我们创建连接,创建语句执行者 ,释放资源.
常用方法:
query(..):
update(..):
DbUtils:释放资源,控制事务 类
closeQuietly(conn):内部处理了异常
commitAndClose(Connection conn):提交事务并释放连接
....
示例一:insert
1.创建一个项目DataSourse
2.新建2个包,分别为com.util.hjh、com.dbutils.hjh
3.com.util.hjh包下放工具类DataSourseUtils.java;包com.dbutils.hjh放DbutilTest01.java
4.导入jar包(commons-dbutils-1.4.jar),buildPath。
DataSourseUtils.java源码:
package com.util.hjh;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
public class DataSourseUtils {
//建立连接池ds
private static ComboPooledDataSource ds = new ComboPooledDataSource();
//获取数据源
public static DataSource getDataSourse() {
return ds;
}
//获取连接
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return ds.getConnection();
}
//释放资源
public static void closeResourse(Connection conn,Statement st) {
try {
if(st!=null) {
st.close();
}else {
st = null;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if(conn!=null) {
conn.close();
}else {
conn = null;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**释放资源closeResourse(conn,ps)*/
public static void closeResourse(Connection conn,PreparedStatement ps) {
try {
if(ps!=null) {
ps.close();
}else {
ps = null;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if(conn!=null) {
conn.close();
}else {
conn = null;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**释放资源closeResourse(rs)*/
public static void closeResourse(ResultSet rs) {
try {
if(rs!=null) {
rs.close();
}else {
rs = null;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
DbutilTest01.java源码:
package com.dbutils.hjh;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.util.hjh.DataSourseUtils;
public class DbutilsTest01 {
@Test
public void insert() throws SQLException {
//创建QueryRunner对象,操作sql语句
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(DataSourseUtils.getDataSourse());
//编写sql语句
String sql = "insert into student values(?,?,?);";
//执行sql
int i = qr.update(sql,"07","wdc","79");
System.out.println("插入了"+i+"行数据");
}
}
数据库表现为:
DBUtils用的最多的莫过于其结果集的处理,毕竟仅仅得到一个ResultSet屁用没有。而结果集的处理正是依赖于ResultSetHandler
接口及其实现类。
ResultSetHandler:封装结果集 接口
ArrayHandler, ArrayListHandler, BeanHandler, BeanListHandler, ColumnListHandler, KeyedHandler, MapHandler, MapListHandler, ScalarHandler
(了解)ArrayHandler, 将查询结果的第一条记录封装成数组,返回
(了解)ArrayListHandler, 将查询结果的每一条记录封装成数组,将每一个数组放入list中返回
★★BeanHandler, 将查询结果的第一条记录封装成指定的bean对象,返回
★★BeanListHandler, 将查询结果的每一条记录封装成指定的bean对象,将每一个bean对象放入list中 返回.
(了解)ColumnListHandler, 将查询结果的指定一列放入list中返回
(了解)MapHandler, 将查询结果的第一条记录封装成map,字段名作为key,值为value 返回
★MapListHandler, 将查询结果的每一条记录封装map集合,将每一个map集合放入list中返回
★ScalarHandler,针对于聚合函数 例如:count(*) 返回的是一个Long值
ArrayHandler, 将查询结果的第一条记录封装成数组,返回
ArrayHandlerTest.java源码:
package com.dbutils.hjh;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ArrayHandler;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.util.hjh.DataSourseUtils;
public class ArrayHandlerTest {
@Test
public void test() throws SQLException {
//创建QueryRunner对象,操作sql语句
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(DataSourseUtils.getDataSourse());
//编写sql语句
String sql = "select * from student";
//执行sql ArrayHandler, 将查询结果的第一条记录封装成数组,返回
Object [] query = qr.query(sql, new ArrayHandler());
//打印
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(query));
}
}
代码运行,console输出为:[1, hejh, 100]
ArrayListHandler, 将查询结果的每一条记录封装成数组,将每一个数组放入list中返回
ArrayListHandlerTest.java源码:
package com.dbutils.hjh;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ArrayListHandler;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.util.hjh.DataSourseUtils;
public class ArrayListHandlerTest {
@Test
public void test() throws SQLException {
//创建QueryRunner对象,操作sql语句
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(DataSourseUtils.getDataSourse());
//编写sql语句
String sql = "select * from student";
//执行sql ArrayListHandler, 将查询结果的每一条记录封装成数组,将每一个数组放入list中返回
List<Object[]> list = qr.query(sql, new ArrayListHandler());
//打印
for (Object[] obj : list) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(obj));
}
}
}
局部测试,代码运行,console输出为:
[1, hejh, 100]
[2, swy, 101]
[3, haha, 99]
[4, sansa, 88]
[5, zys, 88]
[6, yz, 95]
[7, wdc, 79]
[22, erya, 103]
★★BeanHandler, 将查询结果的第一条记录封装成指定的bean对象,返回(首先需要创建一个bean类)
Student的bean类:
package com.bean.hjh;
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private int grate;
public Student() {}
public Student(int id,String name,int grate) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.grate = grate;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getGrate() {
return grate;
}
public void setGrate(int grate) {
this.grate = grate;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", grate=" + grate + "]";
}
}
BeanHandlerTest.java源码:
package com.dbutils.hjh;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.util.hjh.DataSourseUtils;
import com.bean.hjh.Student;
public class BeanHandlerTest {
@Test
public void test() throws SQLException {
//创建QueryRunner对象,操作sql语句
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(DataSourseUtils.getDataSourse());
//编写sql语句
String sql = "select * from student";
//执行sql BeanHandler, 将查询结果的第一条记录封装成指定的bean对象,返回
Student student = qr.query(sql, new BeanHandler<>(Student.class));
//打印
System.out.println(student.toString());
}
}
console输出:Student [id=1, name=hejh, grate=100]
★★BeanListHandler, 将查询结果的每一条记录封装成指定的bean对象,将每一个bean对象放入list中 返回.
package com.dbutils.hjh;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.bean.hjh.Student;
import com.util.hjh.DataSourseUtils;
public class BeanListHandlerTest {
@Test
public void test() throws SQLException {
//创建QueryRunner对象,操作sql语句
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(DataSourseUtils.getDataSourse());
//编写sql语句
String sql = "select * from student";
//执行sql ★★BeanListHandler, 将查询结果的每一条记录封装成指定的bean对象,将每一个bean对象放入list中 返回.
List<Student> list =qr.query(sql, new BeanListHandler<>(Student.class));
//打印
for (Student student : list) {
System.out.println(student.toString());
}
}
}
console输出:
Student [id=1, name=hejh, grate=100]
Student [id=2, name=swy, grate=101]
Student [id=3, name=haha, grate=99]
Student [id=4, name=sansa, grate=88]
Student [id=5, name=zys, grate=88]
Student [id=6, name=yz, grate=95]
Student [id=7, name=wdc, grate=79]
Student [id=22, name=erya, grate=103]
MapHandler, 将查询结果的第一条记录封装成map,字段名作为key,值为value 返回
案例:
数据库同上、项目结构同上,新增MapHandlerTest.java类
MapHandlerTest.java源码:
package com.dbutils.hjh;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapHandler;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.util.hjh.DataSourseUtils;
public class MapHandlerTest {
@Test
public void test() throws SQLException {
//创建QueryRunner对象,操作sql语句
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(DataSourseUtils.getDataSourse());
//编写sql语句
String sql = "select * from student";
//执行sql MapHandler, 将查询结果的第一条记录封装成map,字段名作为key,值为value 返回
Map<String,Object> map = qr.query(sql, new MapHandler());
//打印
System.out.println(map);
}
}
console输出为:
{grate=100, name=hejh, id=1}
MapListHandler, 将查询结果的每一条记录封装map集合,将每一个map集合放入list中返回
案例:
数据库同上、项目结构同上,新增MapListHandlerTest.java类
package com.dbutils.hjh;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapListHandler;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.util.hjh.DataSourseUtils;
public class MapListHandlerTest {
@Test
public void test() throws SQLException {
//创建QueryRunner对象,操作sql语句
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(DataSourseUtils.getDataSourse());
//编写sql语句
String sql = "select * from student";
//执行sql MapListHandler, 将查询结果的每一条记录封装map集合,将每一个map集合放入list中返回
List<Map<String,Object>> list = qr.query(sql, new MapListHandler());
//打印
for (Map<String, Object> map : list) {
System.out.println(map);
}
}
}
console输出为:
{grate=100, name=hejh, id=1}
{grate=101, name=swy, id=2}
{grate=99, name=haha, id=3}
{grate=88, name=sansa, id=4}
{grate=88, name=zys, id=5}
{grate=95, name=yz, id=6}
{grate=79, name=wdc, id=7}
{grate=103, name=erya, id=22}
ScalarHandler,针对于聚合函数 例如:count(*) 返回的是一个Long值
案例:
数据库同上、项目结构同上,新增ScalarHandlerTest.java类
package com.dbutils.hjh;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ScalarHandler;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.util.hjh.DataSourseUtils;
public class ScalarHandlerTest {
@Test
public void test() throws SQLException {
//创建QueryRunner对象,操作sql语句
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(DataSourseUtils.getDataSourse());
//编写sql语句
String sql = "select count(*) from student";
//执行sql ScalarHandler,针对于聚合函数 例如:count(*) 返回的是一个Long值
Object obj =qr.query(sql, new ScalarHandler());
//打印
System.out.println(obj); //console输出为:8
System.out.println(obj.getClass().getName());//java.lang.Long 查看类型
}
}