C/C++ 文件路径解析
本系列文章由 @yhl_leo 出品,转载请注明出处。
文章链接: http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/50782054
首先,看一下C/C++中的路径解析与合成的两个函数_splitpath
与_makepath
:
_CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE(_splitpath_s) _CRTIMP void __cdecl _splitpath(_In_z_ const char * _FullPath, _Pre_maybenull_ _Post_z_ char * _Drive, _Pre_maybenull_ _Post_z_ char * _Dir, _Pre_maybenull_ _Post_z_ char * _Filename, _Pre_maybenull_ _Post_z_ char * _Ext);
void __cdecl _makepath(char* _Path, const char* _Drive, const char* _Dir, const char* _Filename, const char* _Ext);
不要被复杂的函数声明给吓到,其实很简单。
对于_splitpath
路径解析函数:
_FullPath
: 全路径(input
)_Drive
: 盘符(output
)_Dir
: 除去盘符和文件名的中间路径(output
)_Filename
:文件名(output
)_Ext
:拓展名(output
)
对于_makepath
路径合成函数,上述的参数含义相同,只是输入与输出相反。
给出一段代码示例:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void main( void )
{
char full_path[_MAX_PATH];
char drive[_MAX_DRIVE];
char dir[_MAX_DIR];
char fname[_MAX_FNAME];
char ext[_MAX_EXT];
_makepath( full_path, "c", "\\sample\\file\\", "makepath", "c" );
printf( "_FullPath created with _makepath: %s\n\n", full_path);
_splitpath( full_path, drive, dir, fname, ext );
printf( "Path extracted with _splitpath:\n" );
printf( " _Drive: %s\n", drive );
printf( " _Dir: %s\n", dir );
printf( " _Filename: %s\n", fname );
printf( " _Ext: %s\n", ext );
}
// Output
_FullPath created with _makepath: c:\sample\file\makepath.c
Path extracted with _splitpath:
_Drive: c:
_Dir: \sample\file\
_Filename: makepath
_Ext: .c
其中的一些宏定义如下:
/*
* Sizes for buffers used by the _makepath() and _splitpath() functions.
* note that the sizes include space for 0-terminator
*/
#define _MAX_PATH 260 /* max. length of full pathname */
#define _MAX_DRIVE 3 /* max. length of drive component */
#define _MAX_DIR 256 /* max. length of path component */
#define _MAX_FNAME 256 /* max. length of file name component */
#define _MAX_EXT 256 /* max. length of extension component */
有时候,我们仅需要获得文件的文件名或者拓展名,那么用上述的方法就有点繁琐,string
类型及其操作函数就能很方便地实现:
string filePath = "E:\\file\\main.cpp";
string extendName;
int iBeginIndex = filePath.find_last_of(".")+1;
int iEndIndex = filePath.length();
extendName = filePath.substr( iBeginIndex, iEndIndex-iBeginIndex );
transform( extendName.begin(), extendName.end(), extendName.begin(), tolower );
cout << extendName << endl;
// Output : cpp
同理,如果想用该方法获取文件名,只需将filePath.find_last_of(".")
修改为filePath.find_last_of("\\")
,另外,这里为了使输出的文件拓展名一致,使用了transform
函数,其中的参数tolower
,含义是如果该字符有对应的小写字符,则转为小写字符。