Hibernate设置时间戳的默认值和更新时间的自动更新
Generated and default property values
生成的和默认的属性值
The database sometimes generates a property value, usually when you insert a row for the first time.
数据库通常会在第一次插入一条数据的时候产生一个属性值。
Examples of database-generated values are a creation timestamp, a default price for an item, and a trigger that runs for every modification.
数据库产生值得一个例子就是创建时的时间戳,物品的初始默认价格,以及每次修改时运行的触发器。
Typically, Hibernate applications need to refresh instances that contain any properties for which the database generates values, after saving.
典型的,HIbernate应用程序在保存之后需要刷新包含由数据库为其生成值的任何属性对象。
This means you would have to make another round trip to the database to read the value after inserting or updating a row.
这就意味着,你不得不进行另一次的数据库访问来读取插入或者更新一行数据之后的值。
Marking properties as generated, however, lets the application delegate this responsibility to Hibernate.
然而,把属性标识为已生成,就让应用程序把责任委托给了hibernate。
Essentially, whenever Hibernate issues an SQL INSERT or UPDATE for an entity that has declared generated properties, it does a SELECT immediately afterward to retrieve the generated values.
基本上,当hibernate为一个声明了已生成标识的属性的实体执行SQL插入或者更新的时候,它会立刻执行一个select来获取新生成的值。
You mark generated properties with the @org.hibernate.annotations.Generated annotation.
你使用注解@org.hibernate.annotations.Generated来标识一个已生成属性。
Listing 5.4 Database-generated property values
代码清单5.4 数据库生成的属性值展示
@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP) @Column(insertable = false, updatable = false) @org.hibernate.annotations.Generated( org.hibernate.annotations.GenerationTime.ALWAYS ) protected Date lastModified; @Column(insertable = false) @org.hibernate.annotations.ColumnDefault("1.00") @org.hibernate.annotations.Generated( org.hibernate.annotations.GenerationTime.INSERT ) protected BigDecimal initialPrice;Available settings for GenerationTime are ALWAYS and INSERT.
GenerationTime的可用的设置选项是ALWAYS和INSERT。
With ALWAYS, Hibernate refreshes the entity instance after every SQL UPDATE or INSERT.
当使用ALWAYS的时候,Hibernate每次执行SQL UPADATE或者INSERT插入的时候就会刷新实体。
The example assumes that a database trigger will keep the lastModified property current.
例子假定数据库的触发器能保持让lastModified属性保持是当前时间。
The property should also be marked read-only, with the updatable and insertable parameters of @Column.
属性也应该标识为只读,只读属性使用注解@Column的updatable和insertable来实现。
If both are set to false, the property’s column(s) never appear in the INSERT or UPDATE statements, and you let the database generate the value.
如果两个都设置了false,属性列表就用于不会在INSERT或者UPADATE语句中出现了,这些列的数值就由数据库来产生值咯。
With GenerationTime.INSERT, refreshing only occurs after an SQL INSERT, to retrieve the default value provided by the database.
使用GenerationTime.INSERT,只会在SQL INSERT的时候出现,来获取数据库的默认值。
Hibernate also maps the property as not insertable. hibernate也会映射为属性不可插入。
The @ColumnDefault Hibernate annotation sets the default value of the column when Hibernate exports and generates the SQL schema DDL.
@ColumnDefault属性注解,设置列表的默认属性,当hibernate导出和生成SQL schenma DDL的时候。
Timestamps are frequently automatically generated values, either by the database,as in the previous example, or by the application. Let’s have a closer look at the @Temporal annotation you saw in listing 5.4.
Timestamps是自动生成值中经常使用的,或者是通过数据库产生,如之前的例子,或者是通过应用程序生成,可以通过仔细观看下面代码清单5.4中的注解。
The lastModified property of the last example was of type java.util.Date, and a database trigger on SQL INSERT generated its value.
在、上个例子的java.utia.Date类型中的 lastModifiied属性和数据库的SQL INSERT触发器产生值。
The JPA specification requires that you annotate temporal properties with @Temporal to declare the accuracy of the
SQL data type of the mapped column.
JPA规范要求使用@Temporal注解来声明映射的SQL数据类型。
The Java temporal types are java.util.Date,java.util.Calendar, java.sql.Date, java.sql.Time, and java.sql.Timestamp.
java类型有如下java.util.Date,java.util.Calendar, java.sql.Date, java.sql.Time, and java.sql.Timestamp。
Hibernate also supports the classes of the java.time package available in JDK 8. (Actually, the annotation isn’t required if a converter is applied or applicable for the property.You’ll see converters again later in this chapter.)
hibernate也提供JDK8中的java.time包。(实际上如果使用了converter转换器之后,注解是不需要了。在下一节会看在次看到转换器)
The next listing shows a JPA-compliant example: a typical “this item was created on” timestamp property that is saved once but never updated.
下一个代码清单展示一个JPA的兼容性例子。一个典型的 被创建于字段 一次保存的时候创建不被更新。
@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP) @Column(updatable = false) @org.hibernate.annotations.CreationTimestamp protected Date createdOn; // Java 8 API // protected Instant reviewedOn;
OK书本内容就是这样写的,下面看我们自己的需求和实现。
我们在定义JPA的entity时,有需要设置数据库时间戳的需求,一般情况下,会有一个字段需求记录创建时间,一个字段记录更新时间。那么在hibernate配置中是如何操作的呢?
看如下:
@Entity @Table(name="RS_SIGNUPUSER") public class RsSignUpUser { @Id @GenericGenerator(name="UUIDGENERATE",strategy="uuid2") @GeneratedValue(generator="UUIDGENERATE") @Column(name="ID",length=36) private String ID; @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP) @Column(updatable = false) @org.hibernate.annotations.CreationTimestamp private Date CREATETIME; @Column(name="UPDATETIME") @org.hibernate.annotations.UpdateTimestamp @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP) private Date UPDATETIME;略去了getters和setters方法。
创建的时候
EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager(); entityManager.getTransaction().begin(); entityManager.persist( new Event( "Our very first event!", new Date() ) ); RsSignUpUser rsuu = new RsSignUpUser(); rsuu.setUSERZYBM("1"); rsuu.setZONECODE("1"); entityManager.persist(rsuu);
睡眠一秒,更新
entityManager.getTransaction().commit(); entityManager.close(); // now lets pull events from the database and list them entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager(); entityManager.getTransaction().begin(); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } List<RsSignUpUser> result1 = entityManager.createQuery( "from RsSignUpUser", RsSignUpUser.class ).getResultList(); for ( RsSignUpUser event : result1 ) { event.setBZ("bb"); } entityManager.getTransaction().commit(); entityManager.close();
可以看到数据库的数值:
时间是存在的。当然也可以在数据库的定义中增加,但是目前发现hibernate自动生成的表结构中,不能生成表注释和字段注释啊,一大遗憾啊。