一步一步学Silverlight 2系列(12):数据与通信之WebClient

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概述

Silverlight 2 Beta 1版本发布了,无论从Runtime还是Tools都给我们带来了很多的惊喜,如支持框架语言Visual Basic, Visual C#, IronRuby, Ironpython,对JSON、Web Service、WCF以及Sockets的支持等一系列新的特性。《一步一步学Silverlight 2系列》文章带您快速进入Silverlight 2开发。
本文将介绍如何在Silverlight 2中使用Web Client进行通信。

简单示例

编写一个简单的示例,在该示例中,选择一本书籍之后,我们通过Web Client去查询书籍的价格,并显示出来,最终的效果如下:
 
编写界面布局,XAML如下:
<Grid Background="#46461F">
            <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="40"></RowDefinition>
            <RowDefinition Height="*"></RowDefinition>
            <RowDefinition Height="40"></RowDefinition>
            </Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>
            </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            <Border Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" CornerRadius="15"
            Width="240" Height="36"
            Margin="20 0 0 0" HorizontalAlignment="Left">
            <TextBlock Text="书籍列表" Foreground="White"
            HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Center"
            Margin="20 0 0 0"></TextBlock>
            </Border>
            <ListBox x:Name="Books" Grid.Row="1" Margin="40 10 10 10"
            SelectionChanged="Books_SelectionChanged">
            <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
            <DataTemplate>
            <StackPanel>
            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" Height="32"></TextBlock>
            </StackPanel>
            </DataTemplate>
            </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
            </ListBox>
            <Border Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0" CornerRadius="15"
            Width="240" Height="36" Background="Orange"
            Margin="20 0 0 0" HorizontalAlignment="Left">
            <TextBlock x:Name="lblPrice" Text="价格:" Foreground="White"
            HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Center"
            Margin="20 0 0 0"></TextBlock>
            </Border>
            </Grid>
为了模拟查询价格,我们编写一个HttpHandler,接收书籍的No,并返回价格:
public class BookHandler : IHttpHandler
            {
            public static readonly string[] PriceList = new string[] {
            "66.00",
            "78.30",
            "56.50",
            "28.80",
            "77.00"
            };
            public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
            {
            context.Response.ContentType = "text/plain";
            context.Response.Write(PriceList[Int32.Parse(context.Request.QueryString["No"])]);
            }
            public bool IsReusable
            {
            get
            {
            return false;
            }
            }
            }
在界面加载时绑定书籍列表,关于数据绑定可以参考一步一步学Silverlight 2系列(11):数据绑定
void UserControl_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
            {
            List<Book> books = new List<Book>() {
            new Book("Professional ASP.NET 3.5"),
            new Book("ASP.NET AJAX In Action"),
            new Book("Silverlight In Action"),
            new Book("ASP.NET 3.5 Unleashed"),
            new Book("Introducing Microsoft ASP.NET AJAX")
            };
            Books.ItemsSource = books;
            }
接下来当用户选择一本书籍时,需要通过Web Client去获取书籍的价格,在Silverlight 2中,所有的网络通信API都设计为了异步模式。在声明一个Web Client实例后,我们需要为它注册DownloadStringCompleted事件处理方法,在下载完成后将会被回调,然后再调用DownloadStringAsync方法开始下载。
void Books_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
            {
            Uri endpoint = new Uri(String.Format("http://localhost:49955/BookHandler.ashx?No={0}",Books.SelectedIndex));
            WebClient client = new WebClient();
            client.DownloadStringCompleted += new DownloadStringCompletedEventHandler(client_DownloadStringCompleted);
            client.DownloadStringAsync(endpoint);
            }
            void client_DownloadStringCompleted(object sender, DownloadStringCompletedEventArgs e)
            {
            if (e.Error == null)
            {
            lblPrice.Text = "价格:" + e.Result;
            }
            else
            {
            lblPrice.Text = e.Error.Message;
            }
            }
注意大家可以在Web Application Project的属性页中,把ASP.NET Development Server的端口号设置为一个固定的端口号:
 
最后完整的代码如下:
public partial class Page : UserControl
            {
            public Page()
            {
            InitializeComponent();
            }
            void UserControl_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
            {
            List<Book> books = new List<Book>() {
            new Book("Professional ASP.NET 3.5"),
            new Book("ASP.NET AJAX In Action"),
            new Book("Silverlight In Action"),
            new Book("ASP.NET 3.5 Unleashed"),
            new Book("Introducing Microsoft ASP.NET AJAX")
            };
            Books.ItemsSource = books;
            }
            void Books_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
            {
            Uri endpoint = new Uri(String.Format("http://localhost:49955/BookHandler.ashx?No={0}",Books.SelectedIndex));
            WebClient client = new WebClient();
            client.DownloadStringCompleted += new DownloadStringCompletedEventHandler(client_DownloadStringCompleted);
            client.DownloadStringAsync(endpoint);
            }
            void client_DownloadStringCompleted(object sender, DownloadStringCompletedEventArgs e)
            {
            if (e.Error == null)
            {
            lblPrice.Text = "价格:" + e.Result;
            }
            else
            {
            lblPrice.Text = e.Error.Message;
            }
            }
            }
运行后效果如下:
 
当我们选择其中一本书籍时,将会显示出它的价格:
 

结束语

本文简单介绍了Silverlight 2中使用Web Client进行通信的知识,在Silverlight 2中,提供的通信API非常丰富,后面将会介绍其他的方式。你可以从这里下载本文示例代码。

本文出自 “TerryLee技术专栏” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://terrylee.blog.51cto.com/342737/67249

posted @ 2008-12-24 15:52  my favorite  阅读(167)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报