将你的Python Web程序部署到Ubuntu服务器上
在本文记录了我在Ubuntu中部署Flask Web站点的过程, 其中包括用户创建、代码获取、Python3环境的安装、虚拟环境设置、uWSGI启动程序设置，并将Nginx作为前端反向代理。希望对各位有所帮助。
建立一个Python Web程序专用账户
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adduser haseo
vim /etc/sudoers #将haseo用户加入导sudo用户清单中
sudo usermod -a -G www-data haseo
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安装Python3并配置程序运行环境
1.更新Ubuntu的软件库
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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y upgrade
sudo apt-get install build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python3-dev #安装一些必要的工具包
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2.安装python包管理工具
python3 -V
sudo apt-get install -y python3-pip
pip3 install virtualenv
配置Python 程序
1.创建程序目录
mkdir -p /var/www/html/pricing-service
2.修改目录权限
sudo chown haseo:haseo /var/www/html/pricing-service
3.创建一个SSH Key使得用户可以同步GitHub的代码
ssh-keygen
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub # 复制公钥并增加到GitHub(https://github.com/settings/keys)
4.复制GitHub上的代码
git clone git@xxx .
5.创建log目录
mkdir log
6.创建虚拟目录
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pip3 install virtualenv
python3 -m virtualenv venv # 在pricing-service目录下执行
./venv/bin/pip install -r requirements.txt
./venv/bin/pip install uwsgi
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配置uwsgi
1.测试一下python直接运行程序是否可以访问
vim ~/myproject/wsgi.py
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route("/")
def hello():
return "<h1 style='color:blue'>Hello There!</h1>"
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(host='0.0.0.0')
python wsgi.py
2.创建WSGI入口文件
vim ~/myproject/wsgi.py
from myproject import app
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run()
3.测试uWSGI是否正常运行
uwsgi --socket 0.0.0.0:5000 --protocol=http -w wsgi:app
4.创建uWSGI配置文件
前面测试没问题之后我们开始创建uWSGI配置文件
vim ~/myproject/wsgi.ini
[uwsgi]
module = wsgi:app
master = true
processes = 5
socket = socket.sock
chmod-socket = 660
vacuum = true
die-on-term = true
5.创建systemd文件
sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/price_service.service
[Unit]
Description=uWSGI instance to serve price_service
After=network.target
[Service]
User=haseo
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/var/www/html/pricing-service
Environment="PATH=/var/www/html/pricing-service/venv/bin"
ExecStart=/var/www/html/pricing-service/venv/bin/uwsgi --ini wsgi.ini
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
6.启动并启用wsgi服务
sudo systemctl start price_service
sudo systemctl enable price_service
配置Nginx
1.安装nginx
apt-get install nginx
2.Nginx状态查看及进程管理
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systemctl status nginx
ip addr show eth0 | grep inet | awk '{ print $2; }' | sed 's/\/.*$//' #获取服务器的IP地址
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl reload nginx
sudo systemctl disable nginx # 精致nginx在系统启动的时候启动
sudo systemctl enable nginx
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3.配置Nginx站点
vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
server {
listen 8080; #监听IP
real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For;
set_real_ip_from 127.0.0.1; # 告诉Python程序是谁发送的请求
server_name localhost;
location / { # 用户访问的根目录比如 http://www.bihell.com/
include uwsgi_params; # Flask程序需要uwsgi解析
uwsgi_pass unix:/var/www/html/pricing-service/socket.sock; #uwsgi通过这个文件传递信息
uwsgi_modifier1 30;
}
# 404错误页面配置,下同
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /404.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
}
4.软链接导nginxsites-enabled目录
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
5.测试配置
sudo nginx -t
6.重新启动nginx大功告成
sudo systemctl restart nginx
