python安装PIL库
一、前言
遇到客户给了一个需求,需要拼接多个图片,上网找到一个解决方式,不过是需要安装PIL的,相信安装过这个库的应该都遇到很多问题,接下来说说怎么解决。
我的环境是:
操作系统:win10 64bit
python版本:2.7.15
二、问题
1. 使用pip安装
使用命令:
pip install PIL
提示:
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement PIL (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for PIL
2. 直接安装windows安装包
在python lib网站(http://effbot.org/downloads/#Imaging),可以下载PIL-1.1.7.win32-py2.7.exe,直接安装。
提示:Python version 2.7 required…
主要原因是安装这个的时候需要去注册表找python相关信息,也就是安装的时候是和当前有依赖的,可以下载网站上的脚本(http://effbot.org/zone/python-register.htm)来修复一下:
# # script to register Python 2.0 or later for use with win32all # and other extensions that require Python registry settings # # written by Joakim Löw for Secret Labs AB / PythonWare # # source: # http://www.pythonware.com/products/works/articles/regpy20.htm import sys from _winreg import * # tweak as necessary version = sys.version[:3] installpath = sys.prefix regpath = "SOFTWARE\\Python\\Pythoncore\\%s\\" % (version) installkey = "InstallPath" pythonkey = "PythonPath" pythonpath = "%s;%s\\Lib\\;%s\\DLLs\\" % ( installpath, installpath, installpath ) def RegisterPy(): try: reg = OpenKey(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, regpath) except EnvironmentError: try: reg = CreateKey(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, regpath) SetValue(reg, installkey, REG_SZ, installpath) SetValue(reg, pythonkey, REG_SZ, pythonpath) CloseKey(reg) except: print "*** Unable to register!" return print "--- Python", version, "is now registered!" return if (QueryValue(reg, installkey) == installpath and QueryValue(reg, pythonkey) == pythonpath): CloseKey(reg) print "=== Python", version, "is already registered!" return CloseKey(reg) print "*** Unable to register!" print "*** You probably have another Python installation!" if __name__ == "__main__": RegisterPy()
不过运行完提示:
"*** Unable to register!"
"*** You probably have another Python installation!"
找了很久终于找到问题:
分析脚本的源代码可以看出,该脚本的作用是在注册表:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Python/PythonCore/
的位置创建注册表项,从而给PIL的安装程序使用。但是由于PIL的安装程序只在并未在此处搜索注册表项,所以造成上述错误。
通过查阅资料得出:官网下载的PIL的安装程序在Windows10 64bit平台下搜索注册表项目的位置为:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER/SOFTWARE/Python/PythonCore
而不是脚本中写入的
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
因此,将脚本中两处HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE替换为HKEY_CURRENT_USER(Line22,25),再次运行即可解决问题。修改后脚本如下:
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- # # script to register Python 2.0 or later for use with win32all # and other extensions that require Python registry settings # # written by Joakim Löw for Secret Labs AB / PythonWare # # source: # http://www.pythonware.com/products/works/articles/regpy20.htm import sys from _winreg import * # tweak as necessary version = sys.version[:3] installpath = sys.prefix regpath = "SOFTWARE\\Python\\Pythoncore\\%s\\" % (version) installkey = "InstallPath" pythonkey = "PythonPath" pythonpath = "%s;%s\\Lib\\;%s\\DLLs\\" % ( installpath, installpath, installpath ) print version,pythonpath def RegisterPy(): try: reg = OpenKey(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, regpath) except EnvironmentError: try: reg = CreateKey(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, regpath) SetValue(reg, installkey, REG_SZ, installpath) SetValue(reg, pythonkey, REG_SZ, pythonpath) CloseKey(reg) except: print "*** Unable to register!" return print "--- Python", version, "is now registered!" return if (QueryValue(reg, installkey) == installpath and QueryValue(reg, pythonkey) == pythonpath): CloseKey(reg) print "=== Python", version, "is already registered!" return CloseKey(reg) print "*** Unable to register!" print "*** You probably have another Python installation!" if __name__ == "__main__": RegisterPy()
运行,搞定!
3. 导入Image报错
如果你跑到这里,然后输入:
from PIL import Image
没有报错的话,可以不用看下去了。
偏偏我这边会报错:
ImportError: The _imaging C module is not installed
这个问题很棘手,应该是一些兼容性的问题,网上很多答案语焉不详,很多都是说要用二进制编辑器修改_imagingft.pyd的,但是用了网上别人修改过的文件还是没能解决问题。
4. 换轮子
既然PIL这么麻烦就换轮子吧,逛论坛的时候发现一个网站,里面恰好有PIL的替代品:Pillow,下载地址:https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/,根据自己的操作系统和python版本选择,最后进入目录用pip安装一下:
pip install Pillow-5.2.0-cp27-cp27m-win_amd64.whl
重新导入Image,没有报错,并且功能正常。
三、参考
1. [解决]在安装Python PIL 时出现错误: Python version 2.7 required, which
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