DRF-Throttle组件源码分析及改编源码
1. 限流组件源码分析
注意:以下源码为方便理解已进行简化,只保留了与限流组件相关的代码。注释前的数字代表执行顺序。
SimpleRateThrottle类的源码解析:
2. 实践:编写一个限流类
from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle
from django.core.cache import cache as default_cache
class IpThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
scope = "ip" # 节流类的名称
# THROTTLE_RATES = {"x1": "5/m"} 类中未定义THROTTLE_RATES则去settings中获取
cache = default_cache # 节流类指定写入的缓存
def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
ident = self.get_ident(request) # 获取请求用户IP(去request中找请求头)
return self.cache_format % {'scope': self.scope, 'ident': ident}
class UserThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
scope = "user" # 节流类的名称
# THROTTLE_RATES = {"x1": "5/m"} 类中未定义THROTTLE_RATES则去settings中获取
cache = default_cache # 节流类指定写入的缓存
def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
ident = request.user.pk # 用户ID
return self.cache_format % {'scope': self.scope, 'ident': ident}
3. 源码改编
- 重写限流的时长规则:原本只支持 1分钟x次,重写后支持 x分钟x次:
def parse_rate(self, rate):
'''重写获取时长的parse_rate方法,原本只能写1/m或2/m,现在支持:1/5m, 3/10m的格式'''
if rate is None:
return (None, None)
num, period = rate.split('/') # "1/5m"
num_requests = int(num)
duration = {'s': 1, 'm': 60, 'h': 3600, 'd': 86400}[period[-1]]
count = int(period[0:-1])
return (num_requests, duration * count)
- 请求操作失败时,不计入限流次数
# 思路:在视图的操作成功后再进行计入操作(throttle_success)
# 限流类中: 重写throttle_success操作,并把计次的操作提取出来,自定义一个函数,在视图操作成功后才调用该函数进行计次
class MyThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
def throttle_success(self):
# self.history.insert(0, self.now)
# self.cache.set(self.key, self.history, self.duration)
return True
def done(self):
""" 视图函数执行成功后,再调用throttle_success里的方法"""
self.history.insert(0, self.now)
self.cache.set(self.key, self.history, self.duration)
# 视图类中:
class MyView(APIView):
def post(request):
"""中间代码省略"""
# 成功操作后才记录一次限流
for throttle in self.get_throttles():
throttle.done()
- 自定义限流类的报错信息
# 在限流类中:
# 自定义抛出报错的异常类
class ThrottledException(exceptions.APIException):
status_code = status.HTTP_429_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS
default_code = 'throttled'
#重写throttle_failure方法,自定义报错信息并直接抛出异常;
def throttle_failure(self):
wait = self.wait()
detail = {
"code": return_code.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS,
"data": "访问频率限制",
'detail': "需等待{}秒后才能访问".format(int(wait))
}
raise ThrottledException(detail)