DRF请求的生命周期
作为一个工作3年左右的码农,在各种框架的摸爬滚打中,我也接触了不少前端后端的技术栈,其中DRF算是我后端日常工作中的用得最多的框架。今天就简单聊聊DRF请求的生命周期。由于篇幅原因,我在此篇文章中只是稍作解析,后续针对各部分会单独写文章来详细讲解相关源码的执行过程以及如何改编源码。
drf中请求的生命周期:
1、django接收请求后,先进行中间件的process_request方法,进行路由匹配后再进行中间件的process_view方法;
class MiddlewareMixin:
# 中间件源码,当有请求进来时,会自动执行中间件的call方法;
# 一般我们自定义中间件都是重写process_request和process_view方法
# 从源码中可看出执行顺序:
def __call__(self, request):
# Exit out to async mode, if needed
if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(self.get_response):
return self.__acall__(request)
response = None
if hasattr(self, 'process_request'):
response = self.process_request(request)
response = response or self.get_response(request)
if hasattr(self, 'process_response'):
response = self.process_response(request, response)
return response
2、再执行APIView类中的as_view方法获取view函数,并同时免除了csrf认证(闭包原理)
class APIView(View):
# 简略版源码:
@classmethod
def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
view = super().as_view(**initkwargs) # 调用原Django框架的as_view方法获取view函数
view.cls = cls
view.initkwargs = initkwargs
return csrf_exempt(view)
# 原Django框架的as_view方法:
class View:
@classonlymethod
def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
self = cls(**initkwargs)
self.setup(request, *args, **kwargs)
return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) # 调用dispatch函数
view.view_class = cls
view.view_initkwargs = initkwargs
return view
3、通过路由匹配执行view函数,并在view中调用dispatch函数。
class APIView(View):
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
# request封装
request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)
self.request = request
self.headers = self.default_response_headers # deprecate?
try: # 捕获异常
self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs) # 版本管理、认证。权限、限流组件执行
if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names: # 执行视图函数
handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(),
self.http_method_not_allowed)
else:
handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
except Exception as exc:
response = self.handle_exception(exc)
self.response = self.finalize_response(request, response, *args, **kwargs)
return self.response
4、在dispatch中进行版本管理、request封装、认证、权限、限流处理
# 版本管理
def initial(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
self.format_kwarg = self.get_format_suffix(**kwargs)
version, scheme = self.determine_version(request, *args, **kwargs) # 执行versioning_class中的determine_version方法,获取version和scheme
request.version, request.versioning_scheme = version, scheme # 封装参数到request中
# Ensure that the incoming request is permitted
self.perform_authentication(request)
self.check_permissions(request)
self.check_throttles(request)
# request封装
def initialize_request(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
parser_context = self.get_parser_context(request)
return Request(
request,
parsers=self.get_parsers(),
authenticators=self.get_authenticators(),
negotiator=self.get_content_negotiator(),
parser_context=parser_context
)
#认证
def _authenticate(self):
for authenticator in self.authenticators:
try:
user_auth_tuple = authenticator.authenticate(self) # 执行authenticate方法进行具体的认证流程
except exceptions.APIException:
self._not_authenticated()
raise
if user_auth_tuple is not None:
self._authenticator = authenticator
self.user, self.auth = user_auth_tuple # 将返回值进行封装
return
self._not_authenticated()
# 权限
def check_permissions(self, request):
for permission in self.get_permissions():
if not permission.has_permission(request, self): # 多个权限类中有一个方法为False则报错并抛出异常
self.permission_denied(
request,
message=getattr(permission, 'message', None),
code=getattr(permission, 'code', None)
)
# 限流
def check_throttles(self, request):
throttle_durations = []
for throttle in self.get_throttles(): # 循环执行各限流类中的方法
if not throttle.allow_request(request, self):
throttle_durations.append(throttle.wait()) # 限流方法返回False则将等待时间加到列表中
if throttle_durations:
durations = [
duration for duration in throttle_durations
if duration is not None
]
duration = max(durations, default=None) # 取列表中的最大等待时间
self.throttled(request, duration) # 抛出异常
5、执行具体的视图函数并返回数据
6、执行中间件的process_response方法并返回数据到客户端
以上只是简单分析了一下执行流程,涉及到的源码都是为了方便理解而经过简化的,只供参考。每个组件源码的设计思路和执行流程其实都有一定的复杂度,对于各个组件的源码,我在接下来的日子中也会逐一进行详细剖析。