Kubernetes web界面kubernetes-dashboard安装
本文讲述的是如何部署K8s的web UI，前提是已经有一个k8s集群后，按照如下步骤进行即可。(如下步骤都是在master节点上进行操作)
1、下载kubernetes-dashboard.yaml文件
2、修改kubernetes-dashboard.yaml文件
# ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- # kind: Deployment apiVersion: apps/v1beta2 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system spec: replicas: 1 revisionHistoryLimit: 10 selector: matchLabels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard template: metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard spec: containers: - name: kubernetes-dashboard image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kube_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64 ports: - containerPort: 8443 protocol: TCP args: - --auto-generate-certificates
# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- # kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system spec: type: NodePort ports: - port: 443 targetPort: 8443 nodePort: 30001 selector: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
上面代码红色字为kubernetes-dashboard.yaml文件中需要修改的地方，不然拉取不了镜像，以及使用Nodeport方式做映射，使其他主机能够访问该dashboard。
3、创建kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
kubectl create -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
4、查看kubernetes-dashboard容器是否已经运行
[root@docker-master1 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE coredns-576cbf47c7-l5wlh 1/1 Running 1 3d8h coredns-576cbf47c7-zrl66 1/1 Running 1 3d8h etcd-docker-master1 1/1 Running 1 3d8h kube-apiserver-docker-master1 1/1 Running 2 3d8h kube-controller-manager-docker-master1 1/1 Running 2 3d8h kube-flannel-ds-amd64-c7wz6 1/1 Running 0 3d8h kube-flannel-ds-amd64-hqvz9 1/1 Running 0 3d8h kube-flannel-ds-amd64-w7n4s 1/1 Running 2 3d8h kube-proxy-8gj2w 1/1 Running 1 3d8h kube-proxy-mt6dk 1/1 Running 0 3d8h kube-proxy-qtxz7 1/1 Running 0 3d8h kube-scheduler-docker-master1 1/1 Running 2 3d8h kubernetes-dashboard-5f864b6c5f-5s2rw 1/1 Running 0 62m
如上红色字体已经显示kubernetes-dashboard已经成功在node节点上运行。当然，你也可以前往node节点上执行docker ps查看kubernetes-dashboard容器是否已经启动，netstat -ptln命令查看30001端口是否已经开放。
5、创建kubernetes-dashboard管理员角色
[root@docker-master1 ~]# vi k8s-admin.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: dashboard-admin namespace: kube-system --- kind: ClusterRoleBinding apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 metadata: name: dashboard-admin subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: dashboard-admin namespace: kube-system roleRef: kind: ClusterRole name: cluster-admin apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
6、加载管理员角色
kubectl create -f k8s-admin.yaml
7、获取dashboard管理员角色token
#获取dashboard secret kubectl get secret -n kube-system [root@docker-master1 ~]# kubectl get secret -n kube-system NAME TYPE DATA AGE attachdetach-controller-token-d9w8c kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 3d8h bootstrap-signer-token-jdjwt kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 3d8h bootstrap-token-9n6rpz bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token 6 149m bootstrap-token-n962df bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token 7 3d8h certificate-controller-token-lktt8 kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 3d8h clusterrole-aggregation-controller-token-7stf6 kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 3d8h coredns-token-kbz5z kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 3d8h cronjob-controller-token-b647q kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 3d8h daemon-set-controller-token-tzlpk kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 3d8h dashboard-admin-token-jc8t5 kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 17m
#获取token [root@docker-master1 ~]# kubectl describe secret dashboard-admin-token-jc8t5 -n kube-system Name: dashboard-admin-token-jc8t5 Namespace: kube-system Labels: <none> Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: cdfb442a-f48b-11e8-80e8-000c29c3dca5 Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token Data ==== namespace: 11 bytes token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.FZCsonMyEdcDDvbzIz7rMxm8vvlk0Ck6O5ooqzaJRWkggwMoqf92qYBsNxMxxT5BdAtxB_iPUD7rEagR7sLTqixHeC0HdTnGCcTnNU1fq2KJA5ssNyi9P4XGJqsGuf4mAmF5L56uBh43X4hQ41rFYPQwIrmVnknTAbAWf3biiKWkN9Az8NsCulRSSCsJSOwfPoGlo7aSbMYTyRXlmzLuLbkMpMvyMHChBJ_MIYbH9dBj_hL3L9iwo9gpNTfB-0_uYHPEPdQcib8qUkC5NxgXdBuQPug5y1kLUVFNgq45ozLTibZuVihK_gza-WKVpBRPY5PaYCN1Gu0-tFObUYDUow
8、使用管理员角色登陆kubernetes-dashboard web界面
客户端浏览器输入：https://nodeIP:nodeport ，也就是kubernetes-dashboard容器在哪台node节点上跑，以及上面设置的nodeport端口（我这里是https://192.168.20.214:30001）
出现如下界面，选择令牌——输入令牌，（令牌为上面的token）
9、dashboard访问方式
根据官方文档，目前访问Dashboard有四种方式：
- NodePort
- API Server
- kubectl proxy
- Ingress
以上四种方式，我测试了前三种，目前只有NodePort和kubectl proxy可用，API Server暂时没有解决。
- 使用NodePort
为kubernetes-dashboard.yaml添加Service后，就可以使用NodePort访问Dashboard。在我们的物理机上，使用Chrome访问https://192.168.20.214:30001/，如上2步骤。（2步骤使用的就是nodeport方式访问）
如访问提示了证书错误NET::ERR_CERT_INVALID，原因是由于物理机的浏览器证书不可用。我们可以生成一个私有证书或者使用公有证书，下面开始配置证书。
#1、查看kubernetes-dashboard 容器跑在哪台node节点上，这里跑在docker-slave2上
root@docker-master1 pki]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE coredns-576cbf47c7-l5wlh 1/1 Running 1 9d 10.244.0.5 docker-master1 <none> coredns-576cbf47c7-zrl66 1/1 Running 1 9d 10.244.0.4 docker-master1 <none> etcd-docker-master1 1/1 Running 1 9d 192.168.20.210 docker-master1 <none> kube-apiserver-docker-master1 1/1 Running 2 9d 192.168.20.210 docker-master1 <none> kube-controller-manager-docker-master1 1/1 Running 2 9d 192.168.20.210 docker-master1 <none> kube-flannel-ds-amd64-c7wz6 1/1 Running 0 9d 192.168.20.213 docker-slave1 <none> kube-flannel-ds-amd64-hqvz9 1/1 Running 0 9d 192.168.20.214 docker-slave2 <none> kube-flannel-ds-amd64-w7n4s 1/1 Running 2 9d 192.168.20.210 docker-master1 <none> kube-proxy-8gj2w 1/1 Running 1 9d 192.168.20.210 docker-master1 <none> kube-proxy-mt6dk 1/1 Running 0 9d 192.168.20.213 docker-slave1 <none> kube-proxy-qtxz7 1/1 Running 0 9d 192.168.20.214 docker-slave2 <none> kube-scheduler-docker-master1 1/1 Running 2 9d 192.168.20.210 docker-master1 <none> kubernetes-dashboard-5f864b6c5f-5s2rw 1/1 Running 0 5d21h 10.244.3.9 docker-slave2 <none>
#2、在docker-slave2节点上查看kubernetes-dashboard容器ID
root@docker-slave2 ~]# docker ps | grep dashboard 384d9dc0170b registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kube_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64 "/dashboard --insecu…" 5 days ago Up 44 hours k8s_kubernetes-dashboard_kubernetes-dashboard-5f864b6c5f-5s2rw_kube-system_94c8c50b-f484-11e8-80e8-000c29c3dca5_0
#3、查看kubernetes-dashboard容器certs所挂载的宿主主机目录
[root@docker-slave2 ~]# docker inspect -f {{.Mounts}} 384d9dc0170b "Mounts": [ { "Type": "bind", "Source": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/94c8c50b-f484-11e8-80e8-000c29c3dca5/volumes/kubernetes.io~empty-dir/tmp-volume", "Destination": "/tmp", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "rprivate" }, { "Type": "bind", "Source": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/94c8c50b-f484-11e8-80e8-000c29c3dca5/volumes/kubernetes.io~secret/kubernetes-dashboard-token-tbctd", "Destination": "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount", "Mode": "ro", "RW": false, "Propagation": "rprivate" }, { "Type": "bind", "Source": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/94c8c50b-f484-11e8-80e8-000c29c3dca5/etc-hosts", "Destination": "/etc/hosts", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "rprivate" }, { "Type": "bind", "Source": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/94c8c50b-f484-11e8-80e8-000c29c3dca5/containers/kubernetes-dashboard/0e84c511", "Destination": "/dev/termination-log", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "rprivate" }, { "Type": "bind", "Source": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/94c8c50b-f484-11e8-80e8-000c29c3dca5/volumes/kubernetes.io~secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "Destination": "/certs", "Mode": "ro", "RW": false, "Propagation": "rprivate" } ],
#4、这里以私有证书配置，生成dashboard证书 openssl genrsa -des3 -passout pass:x -out dashboard.pass.key 2048 openssl rsa -passin pass:x -in dashboard.pass.key -out dashboard.key openssl req -new -key dashboard.key -out dashboard.csr openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 365 -in dashboard.csr -signkey dashboard.key -out dashboard.crt
#5、将生成的dashboard.crt dashboard.key放到certs对应的宿主主机souce目录 scp dashboard.crt dashboard.key 192.168.20.214:/var/lib/kubelet/pods/94c8c50b-f484-11e8-80e8-000c29c3dca5/volumes/kubernetes.io~secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs
#6、重启kubernetes-dashboard容器 docker restart 384d9dc0170b
完成以上步骤即可访问kubernetes-dashboard web了，由于使用的是私有证书，所以还是会弹出不安全的连接，需要添加例外。
2、使用API Server
在我们的物理机上，使用Chrome访问地址：https://192.168.20.210:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/，返回如下错误：
{ "kind": "Status", "apiVersion": "v1", "metadata": { }, "status": "Failure", "message": "services \"https:kubernetes-dashboard:\" is forbidden: User \"system:anonymous\" cannot get resource \"services/proxy\" in API group \"\" in the namespace \"kube-system\"", "reason": "Forbidden", "details": { "name": "https:kubernetes-dashboard:", "kind": "services" }, "code": 403 }
原因是由于kube-apiserver使用了TLS认证，而我们的真实物理机上的浏览器使用匿名证书（因为没有可用的证书）去访问Dashboard，导致授权失败而不无法访问。官方提供的解决方法是将kubelet的证书转化为浏览器可用的证书，然后导入进浏览器。但是该方法目前似乎不适用于kubeadm方式安装的集群，参见：https://github.com/opsnull/follow-me-install-kubernetes-cluster/issues/5 。看来，无论物理机还是K8S节点上的浏览器，都需要导入这个证书，暂时无解。
3、使用kubectl proxy
这里，我主要介绍一下最便捷的kubectl proxy方式。在Master上执行nohup kubecll proxy &，然后使用如下地址访问Dashboard：
http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy
但限制就是必须在Master上访问，这显然是个坑，我们的目标是在我们真实的物理机上去访问Master的Dashboard。
所以，在主节点上，我们执行nohup kubectl proxy --address=192.168.20.210 --disable-filter=true & 开启代理。
其中：
address表示外界可以使用192.168.20.210来访问Dashboard，我们也可以使用0.0.0.0disable-filter=true表示禁用请求过滤功能，否则我们的请求会被拒绝，并提示Forbidden (403) Unauthorized。- 我们也可以指定端口，具体请查看
kubectl proxy --help
此时proxy默认对Master的8001端口进行监听：
这样，我们就可以使用如下地址访问登录界面：
http://192.168.20.210:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/#!/login
