五 英文时态（二）：进行动作

进行时态的构成与意义

进行时态构成

• 其构成是：be + doing，注意这里的 be 动词不是系动词，而是助动词，没有“是”的意思。

| 三种时间进行时 | 形式 |
|:----😐:----😐:----😐
| 现在进行时 | I am doing...
We/You/They are doing...
He/She/It is doing... |
| 过去进行时 | I/He/She/It was doing...
We/You/They were doing... |
| 将来进行时 | will be doing |

进行时态意义

• 强调在某个特定的（现在、过去或将来）时间点，某项活动正在发生。如：

1. I am watching CCTV news right now.
2. I was watching CCTV news when be arrived yesterday.
3. I will be watching CCTV news at 7:15 pm tomorrow.

因此，进行时态通常和某一特定时刻（如上文中 right now...）连用，来表示某一个活动在该时刻正在进行。这个特定的时刻可以是：1、具体的时间；2、另一具体活动。

1. 给出具体时间：
   1. I am listening to the English program right now.
   2. I will be watching CCTV news at this time tomorrow evening.
2. 通过另一活动表达这一特定时刻：
   1. I was watching CCTV news when he arrived.
   2. I will be studying English when you come tomorrow.

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现在进行时的基本用法

用法一：表示说话此刻正在进行。

1. What program are you watching? 你在看什么节目？
2. He is not available now. He is talking on another phone. 他没空，正在打电话。
3. Please don't make so much noise. I am studying. 别闹，我在学习。
4. A: What are you reading now? B: I am reading today's Evening News. 你在看啥？看今天的晚报。

用法二：表示现阶段正在持续的动作。

• 这时进行时态表示的是一个一般性的活动，在说话时刻这个动作并不一定正在发生。

1. You meet a friend on the street and you ask:
   A. What are you doing these days?
   B. I am learning the usage of verb tenses. 我正在学习动词的时态用法。
2. These days I am translating a book. 这几天，我再翻译一本书。
3. Are you working this week? No, I am on holiday.
4. How are you getting along with your English? Is your English getting better? 英语最近学的怎样，有提高吗？

用法三：表示最近的将来已定的安排。

• 通常含有“计划”、“安排做” 之意。

1. A: What are you doing on Saturday night? B: I'm doing some shopping with Jane.
2. I am taking a makeup test tomorrow. 我明天要补考。

用法四：

• 现在进行时常与 always, forever, continually, constantly 等连用，往往表示抱怨、厌烦、不合情理或使人不愉快的事。

1. Jack is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay you back. Jack常常借钱忘还。
2. He's continually asking me for money. 他老是找我要钱。
3. My wife is forever looking for her keys. 我太太总是在找她的钥匙。
4. How come joe is always groaning about things? Joe为什么总是在抱怨。
5. He's always messing up the kitchen! 他总是把厨房搞得乱七八糟的。

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过去进行时基本用法

用法一：

• 用来描述一个过去特定的时刻正在发生的事情。

1. I was discussing my thesis with my director at this time last night. （特定时刻）
2. A: What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night? B: I was having dinner with my friends.

用法二：

• 过去进行时常常和一般过去时配合使用。
  此时，过去进行时通常表示一个历时较长的体现“背景”的动作或状态；而一般过去时则表示此“背景”下发生的，现在的动作或状态。
  过去进行时动作先发生，一般过去时动作后发生。

1. The phone rang while I was having my bath, as usual. 像往常一样，我正在洗澡，电话铃响了。
2. I cut my finger when I was cooking the dinner last night. 昨晚做饭时，我割到手指头了。
3. I was watching TV when the phone rang. (我当时正在看电视，这时电话响了）

试着比较

1. I was telephoning Harry when she arrived.(我在打电话的过程中，她到了。）
2. I telephoned Harry when she arrived.（她回来之后，我才打电话。）

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将来进行时基本用法

用法一：

• 表示在将来某一特定时刻正在进行的活动。

1. I'll be lying on a beach in Sanya this time tomorrow. 明天这个时候我将会躺在三亚的沙滩上。
2. Don't telephone after eight tomorrow. --I'll be having a meeting. 明天8点后不要打电话，因为我将会开户。
3. Wait until sever o'clock so that they won't still be eating. 等到7点，这样他们那时不会正在吃饭。
4. Don't call me at nine tommorrow because I will be studying at the library. 明天9点不要打电话给我，那是我将爱图书馆学习。

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2020.3.27