三 句子的变化

这里主要学习：陈述句的否定、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句

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陈述句的否定

1. 谓语动词含有 be 动词或情态动词
   • 这时直接在 be 动词或情态动词后加否定词 not 即构成否定句。
   • 例如：I am a programmer. -->> I am not a programmer.
2. 谓语动词是实义动词
   • 陈述句的否定要借助于助动词 do + not 来构成，若主语是第三人称则用 does + not + 动词原形。
   • 例如：I like English. -->> I do not like English.
   • 例如：He likes English. -->> He does not like English.
3. 否定的缩写：

（情态）助动词	分开写	缩写
I am	am not	没有缩写
We/You/They are	are not	aren't
She/He/It is	is not	isn't
I/He/She/It was	was not	wasn't
We/You/They were	were not	weren't
I/You/We/They do	do not	don't
He/She/It does	does not	doesn't
did	did not	didn't
I/You/We/They have	have not	haven't
He/She/It has	has not	hasn't
had	had not	hadn't
will	will not	won't
would	would not	wouldn't
shall	shall not	shan't
should	should not	shouldn't
can	cannot	can't
could	could not	couldn't
may	may not	没有缩写
might	might not	mightn't
must	must not	mustn't

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一般疑问句

1. 谓语动词含有 be 动词或情态动词
   • 这时构成一般疑问句，只需要将 be 动词或情态动词移到句首。
   • 范例：

肯定句	疑问句	回答
He is a teacher.	Is he a teacher?	Yes, he is. No, he isn't.
He can swim	Can he swim?	Yes, he can. No, he can't.

Here’s a tip:注意一般疑问句的回答方式。肯定回答用 yes， 否定回答用 no。

2. 谓语动词是实义动词
   • 这时要借助于助动词 do 或 does，将 do 或 does 放在句首。
   • 范例：

肯定句	疑问句	回答
He likes English.	Does he like English?	Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.
I like English.	Do you like English?	Yes, I do. No, I don't.

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特殊疑问句

特殊疑问句是在上述一般疑问句的基础上变化而来的。
句式：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 或 主语的疑问词 + 谓语部分。

不需要接名词连用的疑问词
对谁提问	疑问词	陈述句	特殊疑问句
对人提问	who	He can sing in English.	Who can sing in English?
		I saw him at the party last night.	Who did you see at the party last night?
对事物或有关所做的事情提问	what	I like English.	What do you like?
		I am stydying English grammar.	What are you doing?
			What are you stydying?
		I'd like to go swimming tomorrow.	What would you like to do tomorrow?
对时间提问	when	I was born in 1980.	When were you born?
对地点提问	where	He lives in Beijing.	Where does he live?
对方式提问	how	He goes to school by bus.	How does he go to school?
对原因提问	why	I often study at the library because it's quiet.	Why do you often study at the library?

需要接名词连用的疑问词
which	当说话者提供多种选择对象供对方选择时，我们就用 which 来提问。此时 which 后面通常接一名词连用，意思是”哪一个什么东西“。
	A: Could you lend me your pen? B: Sure. I have two pens. This pen has black ink. That pen has red ink. Which pen/Which one/Which do you want? A: That red one. Thanks.
	从上力得出， which 后面也可以不接名词，此时 which 是用作代词。
whose	Whose 后面必须接名词连用，表示”谁的什么东西“。
	This is his book.==>> Whose book is this? I borrowed Jack's car last night.==>> Whose car did you borrow last night?

how用法详解
how 可以单独使用	此时 how 是对动作的方式提问。
	例如：对交通方式提问 How do you go to work?	I drive./By car. I take a taxi./By taxi. I take a bus./By bus. I take a subway./By subway. I walk./On foot.
how 常与形容词或副词连用	How old How tall How big How far How well How quickly	How old are you? How tall is he? How big is your new house? How far is it from your home to school? How well does he speak English? How quickly can you get here?
how 对动作发生的频率提问	how often how many times...	I go shopping twice a week.How often do you go shopping? How many time a week do you go shopping?
其他表示频率的短语	every every other(每隔一...) once a twice a three times a	day/week/month/year

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2020.3.24