关于view.measure
在编写下啦刷新的项目代码的时候,在Listview的HeaderView中的head.xml文件中,根布局为RelativeLayout的时候,在计算headerView.measure的时候,出现空指针异常,当将更布局改为Linearlayout就运行正常了。
在思考为何在RelativeLayout出现异常的问题的时候,在查阅官方网站的时候,我注意到这个段话:
Note: In platform version 17 and lower, RelativeLayout was affected by a measurement bug that could cause child views to be measured with incorrect MeasureSpec
values. (See MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec
for more details.) This was triggered when a RelativeLayout container was placed in a scrolling container, such as a ScrollView or HorizontalScrollView. If a custom view not equipped to properly measure with the MeasureSpec mode UNSPECIFIED
was placed in a RelativeLayout, this would silently work anyway as RelativeLayout would pass a very large AT_MOST
MeasureSpec instead.
This behavior has been preserved for apps that set android:targetSdkVersion="17"
or older in their manifest's uses-sdk
tag for compatibility. Apps targeting SDK version 18 or newer will receive the correct behavior
翻下来就是说:
在android系统版本在17级以下(包含17的时候)。使用measure会出现NULL异常情况,这个是一个BUG。原因是在RelativeLayout的控件使用在含有scrolling的时候,该含有scrolling的控件中计算空间大小的时候,没有使用MeasureSpec mode UNSPECIFIED的布局方式在RelativeLayout。自定义的控件则会尽可能的使用
AT_MOST
来替换对齐方式。
如果你想解决这个问题有2个方法:
1.讲SDK的目标版本升级
2.将需要使用RelativeLayout的上层包一个LinearLayout即可、
View
源码路径 frameworks\base\core\java\android\view\View.java
源码中国链接:http://www.oschina.net/code/explore/android-2.2-froyo/android/view/View.java
- public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
- if ((mPrivateFlags & FORCE_LAYOUT) == FORCE_LAYOUT ||
- widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec ||
- heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) {
- // first clears the measured dimension flag
- mPrivateFlags &= ~MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
- if (ViewDebug.TRACE_HIERARCHY) {
- ViewDebug.trace(this, ViewDebug.HierarchyTraceType.ON_MEASURE);
- }
- // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
- onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
- // flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise
- // an exception to warn the developer
- if ((mPrivateFlags & MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {
- throw new IllegalStateException("onMeasure() did not set the"
- + " measured dimension by calling"
- + " setMeasuredDimension()");
- }
- mPrivateFlags |= LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
- }
- mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;
- mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;
- }
public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { if ((mPrivateFlags & FORCE_LAYOUT) == FORCE_LAYOUT || widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec || heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) { // first clears the measured dimension flag mPrivateFlags &= ~MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET; if (ViewDebug.TRACE_HIERARCHY) { ViewDebug.trace(this, ViewDebug.HierarchyTraceType.ON_MEASURE); } // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); // flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise // an exception to warn the developer if ((mPrivateFlags & MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) { throw new IllegalStateException("onMeasure() did not set the" + " measured dimension by calling" + " setMeasuredDimension()"); } mPrivateFlags |= LAYOUT_REQUIRED; } mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec; mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec; }
可以看到measure函数有2个参数,widthMeasureSpec 和 heightMeasureSpec。我最初的疑问是不知道该怎么传这两个参数,于是跟到源码里面看看。这个函数的工作大概如下:
(mPrivateFlags这个还没研究,先跳过了)
1.检查传入的widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec是否与当前的值是一样的,不一样的话,调用onMeasure函数,并设置mPrivateFlags。
2.保存新值到mOldWidthMeasureSpec和mOldHeightMeasureSpec。这两个变量不用深究了,没有其他地方用到,就只是在这个函数中用来比较值用的。
3.这里判断符合条件后会抛出一个IllegalStateException的异常,它的提示信息很清楚,告诉我们要调用setMeasuredDimension()方法。但到底是怎么回事呢?这是在你需要重写onMeasure函数时需要注意的。
先来看看默认的View的onMeasure函数吧:
- protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
- setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
- getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
- }
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec), getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec)); }
当我们需要重写onMeasure时,记得要调用setMeasuredDimension来设置自身的mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight,否则,就会抛出上面那个异常哦~
继续来看setMeasuredDimension:
- protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
- mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;
- mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;
- mPrivateFlags |= MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
- }
protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) { mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth; mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight; mPrivateFlags |= MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET; }
哦,很简单,就是设置了mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight,然后给mPrivateFlags设置了MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET标志位。那么计算都是在getDefaultSize函数里实现的:
- public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
- int result = size;
- int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
- int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
- switch (specMode) {
- case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
- result = size;
- break;
- case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
- case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
- result = specSize;
- break;
- }
- return result;
- }
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) { int result = size; int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec); int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec); switch (specMode) { case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED: result = size; break; case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST: case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY: result = specSize; break; } return result; }
看到了一个MeasureSpec,看来主要工作是在这里,必须得进去看看了。
- public static class MeasureSpec {
- private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
- private static final int MODE_MASK = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;
- public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;
- public static final int EXACTLY = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;
- public static final int AT_MOST = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;
- public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
- return size + mode;
- }
- public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
- return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
- }
- public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
- return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
- }
- }
public static class MeasureSpec { private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30; private static final int MODE_MASK = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT; public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT; public static final int EXACTLY = 1 << MODE_SHIFT; public static final int AT_MOST = 2 << MODE_SHIFT; public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) { return size + mode; } public static int getMode(int measureSpec) { return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK); } public static int getSize(int measureSpec) { return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK); } }
类不大,就都贴出来了,为了精简篇幅,去掉了注释和toString函数。
这里MODE_MASK二进制是11000(一共30个0)00,也就是最高2位标识mode,其余位标识size。
接下来回到getDefaultSize函数
通过这个类的方法从参数measureSpec中提取出了specMode和specSize。 specMode的作用在下面的switch语句中可以看出来。
- case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
- result = size;
- break;
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED: result = size; break;
这里的size就是getSuggestedMinimumWidth()或者getSuggestedMinimumHeight(),是一个默认的最小宽或高,可以看到如果specMode为MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED时,specSize(即我们希望设置的size)是没有用到的。
- case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
- case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
- result = specSize;
- break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST: case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY: result = specSize; break;
当specMode为MeasureSpec.AT_MOST或MeasureSpec.EXACTLY时,从我们传入的参数measureSpec中提取出来的specSize被采用了。这种情况下上面的size就被废弃了。当result确定后,就是setMeasuredDimension被调用了,在里面将会对mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight进行设置。 简单示例: OK,现在应该理解了吧,下面是一个调用measure方法的示例:
- mTextView.measure(MeasureSpec.EXACTLY + mTextView.getWidth(), MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
- mTextView.layout(0, 0, mTextView.getMeasuredWidth(), mTextView.getMeasuredHeight());
mTextView.measure(MeasureSpec.EXACTLY + mTextView.getWidth(), MeasureSpec.EXACTLY); mTextView.layout(0, 0, mTextView.getMeasuredWidth(), mTextView.getMeasuredHeight());
把mode标志和你想设置的大小相加,传进去就OK啦。这里设置height的时候我是想设0,因此直接传了MeasureSpec.EXACTLY进去。
当然,measure完后,并不会实际改变View的尺寸,需要调用View.layout方法去进行布局。按示例调用layout函数后,View的大小将会变成你想要设置成的大小。
另外关于layout,包括整个布局流程,我将要写另一篇博文介绍。因此在这里就不再赘述了。