Java Netty 服务端向客户端发送消息

说到netty通讯,回忆了下,还是18年的时候,学了了netty,至今就学习的时候写过一个项目。最近闲生,被要求做一个netty通讯的项目,顺手,总结一下,之前写的项目。

当时是写了一款访微信聊天的软件,所以用到了netty通讯,废话不过说,我们来直接上代码吧。

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j	
@Component
public class WSServer {

	private static class SingletionWSServer {
		static final WSServer instance = new WSServer();
	}

	public static WSServer getInstance() {
		return SingletionWSServer.instance;
	}

	private EventLoopGroup mainGroup;
	private EventLoopGroup subGroup;
	private ServerBootstrap server;
	private ChannelFuture future;

	public WSServer() {
		// 主线程组
		mainGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

		// 子线程组
		subGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
		// netty服务器的创建,ServerBootstrap是一个启动类
		server = new ServerBootstrap();
		server.group(mainGroup, subGroup)// 设置主从线程组
				.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)// 设置nio双向通道
				.childHandler(new WSServerInitializer());// 子处理器,用于处理subGroup
	}

	/**
	 * 启动
	 */
	public void start() {
		this.future = server.bind(9700);
		System.err.println("netty websocket server 启动完毕...");
		log.info("netty websocket server 启动完毕...");
	}

}

这个类用于创建netty的服务端链接,下面我们来配置启动的一些配置。

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler;
import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
public class WSServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {

	@Override
	protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
		System.out.println("初始化 SocketChannel");
		log.info("初始化 SocketChannel");
		ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();

		//websocket 基于http协议,所以要http编解码器
		pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
		
		//对写大数据流的支持
		pipeline.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
		
		//对httpMessage进行聚合,聚合成FullHttpRequest或FullHttpResponse
		//几乎在netty中的编程,都会使用到此hanler
		pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(1024*64));
		
		//========================以上是用于支持http协议========================
		
		
		//========================增加心跳支持 start    ========================
		
		//针对客户端,如果在1分钟时没有想服务端发送写心跳(ALL),则主动断开
		//如果是读空闲或者写空闲,不处理
		pipeline.addLast(new IdleStateHandler(8, 10, 12));
		
		//自定义的空闲检测
		pipeline.addLast(new HeartBeatHandler());
		//========================增加心跳支持 end      ========================
		
		
		/**
		 * websocket服务器处理的协议,用于指定给客户端连接访问的路由: /ws
		 * 本Handler会帮助你处理一些繁重的复杂的事
		 * 会帮你处理握手动作: handshaking(close, ping, pong) ping + pong = 心跳
		 * 对于websocket来讲,都是以frames进行传输的,不同的数据类型对应的frames也不同
		 */
		pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/ws"));
		
		//自定义hanler
		pipeline.addLast(new ChatHandler());
	}

}

自定义空闲检测

import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleState;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateEvent;

/**
 * 用于检测channel的心跳的handler 继承 ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter 从而不需要实现 channelRead0方法
 * 
 * @author wb0024
 *
 */
public class HeartBeatHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

	@Override
	public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {

		// 判断evt是否是IdleStateEvent(用于触发用户事件,包含 读空闲/写空闲/读写空闲)
		if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) {
			IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent) evt; // 强制类型转换

			if (event.state() == IdleState.READER_IDLE) {
				System.out.println("进入读空闲...");
			} else if (event.state() == IdleState.WRITER_IDLE) {
				System.out.println("进入写空闲...");
			} else if (event.state() == IdleState.ALL_IDLE) {
				System.out.println("channel关闭前users数量为:"+ChatHandler.users.size());
				System.out.println("进入读写空闲...");
				Channel channel = ctx.channel();
				//关闭无用的channel,以防资源浪费
				channel.close();
				System.out.println("channel关闭后users数量为:"+ChatHandler.users.size());
			}
		}
	}

}

自定义hanler

import com.imooc.enums.MsgActionEnum;
import com.imooc.utils.JsonUtils;

import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup;
import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;

/**
 * 处理消息的handler
 * 
 * @author wb0024 TextWebSocketFrame:在netty中,是用于为websocket专门处理文本的对象,frame是消息的载体
 */
public class ChatHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {

	// 用于记录和管理所有客户端的channel
	public static ChannelGroup users = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);

	@Override
	protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception {

		// 获取客户端传输过来的消息
		String content = msg.text();

		System.out.println("处理消息的handler:" + content);
		Channel currentChannel = ctx.channel();

		// 1. 获取客户端发送的消息
		DataContent dataContent = JsonUtils.jsonToPojo(content, DataContent.class);

		Integer action = dataContent.getAction();
		System.out.println("action:" + action);
		// 2. 判断消息类型,根据不同的类型来处理不同的业务
		if (action == MsgActionEnum.CONNECT.type) {
			// 2.1 当websocket 第一次open的时候,初始化channel,把用户的channel和userId关联起来
			String senderId = dataContent.getChatMsg().getSenderId();
			UserChannelRel.put(senderId, currentChannel);

			// 测试
			for (Channel channel : users) {
				System.out.println(channel.id().asLongText());
			}
			UserChannelRel.output();

		} else if (action == MsgActionEnum.CHAT.type) {
			// 2.2 聊天类型的消息,把聊天记录保存到数据库,同时标记消息的签收状态[未签收]
			ChatMsg chatMsg = dataContent.getChatMsg();
			String receiverId = chatMsg.getReceiverId();

			DataContent dataContentMsg = new DataContent();
			dataContentMsg.setChatMsg(chatMsg);

			// 发送消息
			// 从全局用户channel关系中获取接受方的channel
			Channel receiverChannel = UserChannelRel.get(receiverId);
			if (receiverChannel != null) {
				// 当receiverChannel不为空的时候,从 ChannelGroup 去查找对应的channel是否存在
				Channel findChannel = users.find(receiverChannel.id());
				if (findChannel != null) {
					// 用户在线
					receiverChannel.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(JsonUtils.objectToJson(dataContentMsg)));
				}
			}
		} else if (action == MsgActionEnum.KEEPALIVE.type) {
			// 2.4 心跳类型的消息
			System.out.println("收到来自channel为[" + currentChannel + "]的心跳包");
		}

	}

	/**
	 * 当客户连接服务端之后(打开链接) 获取客户端的channel,并且放到ChannelGroup中去进行管理
	 */
	@Override
	public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
		users.add(ctx.channel());
	}

	@Override
	public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {

		String channelId = ctx.channel().id().asLongText();
		System.out.println("客户端被移除,channelId为:" + channelId);

		// 当触发handlerRemoved,ChannelGroup会自动移除对应的客户端channel
		users.remove(ctx.channel());
	}

	@Override
	public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
		cause.printStackTrace();
		// 发生异常之后关键channel。随后从ChannelGroup 中移除
		ctx.channel().close();
		users.remove(ctx.channel());
	}

}

  

定义channel管理

import java.util.HashMap;

import io.netty.channel.Channel;

/**
 * 用户id和channel的关联关系处理
 * 
 * @author wb0024
 *
 */
public class UserChannelRel {

	private static HashMap<String, Channel> manager = new HashMap<>();

	public static void put(String senderId, Channel channel) {
		manager.put(senderId, channel);
	}

	public static Channel get(String senderId) {
		return manager.get(senderId);
	}
	
	
	public static void output() {
		for (HashMap.Entry<String, Channel> entry : manager.entrySet()) {
			System.out.println("UserId:" + entry.getKey() + 
					",ChannelId:" + entry.getValue().id().asLongText());
		}
	}
}

其他类

import java.io.Serializable;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class ChatMsg implements Serializable {

	/**
	 * 
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	private String senderId; // 发送者的用户id
	private String receiverId; // 接受者的用户id
	private String msg; // 聊天内容
	private String msgId; // 用于消息的签收

}

  

import java.io.Serializable;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class DataContent implements Serializable {

	/**
	 * 
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	private Integer action; // 动作类型
	private ChatMsg chatMsg; // 用户的聊天内容对象
	private String extand; // 扩展字段

}

 好了,到了这里一个简单的netty通讯就做好了

posted @ 2020-09-30 14:57  徐徐图之  阅读(13715)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报