【树莓派】树莓派网络配置：静态IP、无线网络、服务等
一.网络配置之静态IP：
树莓派的默认网络为：
haochuang@raspberrypi:~ $ vi /etc/network/interfaces
# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8) # Please note that this file is written to be used with dhcpcd # For static IP, consult /etc/dhcpcd.conf and 'man dhcpcd.conf' # Include files from /etc/network/interfaces.d: source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet manual allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet manual wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf allow-hotplug wlan1 iface wlan1 inet manual wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
这个只要插上网线，即可自动获取到dhcp地址；
但如果需要设置为静态IP，则需要简单进行设置一下，如下操作：
haochuang@raspberrypi:~ $ vi /etc/dhcpcd.conf ...... nohook lookup-hostname interface eth0 static ip_address=192.168.21.103/24 static routers=192.168.21.1 static domain_name_servers=61.134.1.4 218.30.19.40
设置完成之后，重启网络
haochuang@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
二.配置无线网络：
cat /etc/network/interfaces
auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet dhcp #allow-hotplug wlan0 #iface wlan0 inet manual #wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf #iface default inet dhcp auto wlan0 allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet dhcp wpa-ssid "neu" wpa-psk "lucifer_chn"
或者
# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8) # Please note that this file is written to be used with dhcpcd # For static IP, consult /etc/dhcpcd.conf and 'man dhcpcd.conf' # Include files from /etc/network/interfaces.d: source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d auto lo iface lo inet loopback #iface eth0 inet manual iface eth0 inet dhcp auto wlan0 allow-hotplug wlan0 #iface wlan0 inet manual #iface wlan0 inet dhcp # wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf iface wlan0 inet static wpa-ssid "Chinanet" wpa-psk "CTshi555666" address 172.27.35.20 netmask 255.255.0.0 gateway 172.27.35.1 allow-hotplug wlan1 iface wlan1 inet manual wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
检查 /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf 文件：
country=GB ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev update_config=1 network={ ssid="Chinanet" psk="PWD-CTshi555666-passwd" }
修改之后，重启即可；
补充：
配置无线动态IP：
auto wlan0 allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet dhcp wpa-ssid "name" wpa-psk "passwd"
配置无线静态IP：
auto wlan0 allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet static wpa-ssid "name" wpa-psk "passwd" address 192.168.11.80 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.11.1
三.增加用户的sudo权限：
为普通用户增加sudo权限的方法，同其他一样，需要修改visudo文件，如下；
haochuang@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo visudo
GNU nano 2.2.6 File: /etc/sudoers.tmp # # This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root. # # Please consider adding local content in /etc/sudoers.d/ instead of # directly modifying this file. # # See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file. # Defaults env_reset Defaults mail_badpass Defaults secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" # Host alias specification # User alias specification # Cmnd alias specification # User privilege specification root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL haochuang ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL # Allow members of group sudo to execute any command %sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL # See sudoers(5) for more information on "#include" directives: #includedir /etc/sudoers.d pi ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL [ Read 30 lines ] ^G Get Help ^O WriteOut ^R Read File ^Y Prev Page ^K Cut Text ^C Cur Pos ^X Exit ^J Justify ^W Where Is ^V Next Page ^U UnCut Text ^T To Spell
增加其中标红的一行，并Ctrl+X，Yes保存退出；
三.增加自动启动服务：
1.编写自动启动脚本；
haochuang@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo cat /etc/init.d/osprey #!/bin/sh ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: osprey # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Required-Start: $local_fs # Required-Stop: # chkconfig: 12345 99 05 # Short-Description: Start or stop the testapp App. ### END INIT INFO start(){ echo -e "\033[32m start testapp \033[0m" cd /home/haochuang/webapp/testapp su lifeccp -c "sh /home/haochuang/webapp/testapp/start --spring.profiles.active=test &" } stop(){ echo -e "\033[32m stop osprey \033[0m" pkill -f testapp app_pid=$(pgrep -f testapp) if [ "${app_pid}" = "" ]; then echo -e "\033[32m -=stop testapp finished=- \033[0m" else echo -e "\033[31m -=stop testapp failed=- \033[0m" kill -9 "${app_pid}" echo -e "\033[32m -=kill -9 testapp=- \033[0m" fi } case $1 in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; *) echo -e "\033[32m Usage: $0 (start|stop) \033[0m" ;; esac
注意上面脚本中的\033[0m，其实是在为服务控制指令加色，想了解详细，可参考后面"其他"的补充描述；
2.增加到 /etc/init.d中，并修改增加可执行权限；
chomd +x testapp
3.增加到启动项中
chkconfig add /etc/init.d/testapp
其他：
颜色特效控制：
printf("\033[1;33m Hello World. \033[0m \n");
颜色如下:
none = "\033[0m"
black = "\033[0;30m"
dark_gray = "\033[1;30m"
blue = "\033[0;34m"
light_blue = "\033[1;34m"
green = "\033[0;32m"
light_green -= "\033[1;32m"
cyan = "\033[0;36m"
light_cyan = "\033[1;36m"
red = "\033[0;31m"
light_red = "\033[1;31m"
purple = "\033[0;35m"
light_purple = "\033[1;35m"
brown = "\033[0;33m"
yellow = "\033[1;33m"
light_gray = "\033[0;37m"
white = "\033[1;37m"
字背景颜色范围: 40--49 字颜色: 30--39
40: 黑 30: 黑
41:红 31: 红
42:绿 32: 绿
43:黄 33: 黄
44:蓝 34: 蓝
45:紫 35: 紫
46:深绿 36: 深绿
47:白色 37: 白色
输出特效格式控制：
\033[0m 关闭所有属性
\033[1m 设置高亮度
\03[4m 下划线
\033[5m 闪烁
\033[7m 反显
\033[8m 消隐
\033[30m -- \033[37m 设置前景色
\033[40m -- \033[47m 设置背景色
光标位置等的格式控制：
\033[nA 光标上移n行
\03[nB 光标下移n行
\033[nC 光标右移n行
\033[nD 光标左移n行
\033[y;xH设置光标位置
\033[2J 清屏
\033[K 清除从光标到行尾的内容
\033[s 保存光标位置
\033[u 恢复光标位置
\033[?25l 隐藏光标
\33[?25h 显示光标
赠人玫瑰
手留余香
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