Python一些提高效率的类库和装饰器用法

本文主要是慢慢积累Python中一些能提高效率的类库和装饰器,闲话少说,开始进入主题。

装饰器

装饰器是一种设计模式,用于修改或增强函数、方法或类的行为,而不需要改变其本身的代码。Python中的装饰器通常用@符号和函数来实现。

# 自己编写的装饰器
def my_decorator(func):
    def wrapper():
        print("Something before")
        func()
        print("Something after")
    return wrapper

# 引用自己编写的装饰器
@my_decorator
def say_hello():
    print("Hello!")

# 调用执行函数
say_hello()


# 输出结果如下:
Something before
Hello!
Something after

一、重试

【问题引申:接口网络抖动不稳如何做?回答:请求接口捕获异常和接口请求重试】

1 from retrying import retry
2 # 等待1秒后重试,最大重试次数为3
3 @retry(stop_max_attempt_number=3, wait_fixed=1000)
4 def test_foo():
5     pass

二、接口返回值深度校验

【问题引申:接口返回值如何做校验?回答:用deepdiff可以做返回值类型及值不一致的校验】

 1 from deepdiff import DeepDiff
 2 def vaildate_json(expected, actual):
 3     #  比较两个JSON对象的差异
 4     diff = DeepDiff(expected, actual)
 5     #  输出差异
 6     if diff:
 7         print("实际结果与预期结果不一致:")
 8         print(diff)
 9         return False
10     else:
11         print("实际结果与预期结果一致")
12         return True
13 
14 # 需要比较的JSON对象
15 expected = {
16     "key1":33,
17     "key2":{
18         "nested_key":"value",
19         "nested_list":[2,3,4]
20     }
21 }
22 actual = {
23     "key1":"33",
24     "key2":{
25         "nested_key":"value",
26         "nested_list":[2,3,4]
27     }
28 }
29 #  调用函数进行比较
30 vaildate_json(expected,actual)

 三、接口返回值取值:jsonpath

【问题引申:如何快速方便的获取json中的某一个值?回答:用jsonpath】

 1 import jsonpath
 2 actual = {
 3     "key1":"33",
 4     "key2":{
 5         "nested_key":"value",
 6         "key1":"hankai",
 7         "nested_list":[2,3,4]
 8    }
 9  }
10 list1 = jsonpath.jsonpath(actual,'$..key1')
11 print(list1)  # ['33', 'hankai']

 四、读取Excel并转换成列表:xToolkit

【问题引申:如何遍历Excel做接口自动化?回答:xToolkit库】

 1 from xToolkit import xfile
 2 
 3 # 读取Excel数据转换成列表
 4 testdata = xfile.read("接口测试用例.xls").excel_to_dict(sheet=1)
 5 print(testdata)
 6 """
 7 [
 8     {'描述': '用户登录', '用例编号': 'shop_api_001', '接口URL': 'http://shoo.hu.com/index.php?s=api/user/login', '请求方式': 'post', 'URL参数': '{"application":"app","application_client_type": "weixin",}', '表单参数': '', 'JSON参数': ' {"accounts":"ce_hk","pwd": 123456,"type":"username"}', '预期状态码': 200, '预期返回内容': '', '备注': '', '提取参数': 'token', '需要参数': ''},
 9     {'描述': '加入购物车', '用例编号': 'shop_api_002', '接口URL': 'http://shoo.hu.com/index.php?s=api/cart/save', '请求方式': 'post', 'URL参数': '{"application":"app","application_client_type": "weixin",}', '表单参数': '', 'JSON参数': '{"goods_id": "2","spec": [{"type": "套餐","value": "套餐二"},{"type": "颜色","value": "银色"},{"type": "容量","value": "64G"}],"stock": 1}', '预期状态码': 200, '预期返回内容': '', '备注': '', '提取参数': '', '需要参数': 'token'}
10  ]
11 """

 五、json

 1 import json
 2 
 3 # 定义一个字典
 4 data = {
 5     "name": "张三",
 6     "age": 20,
 7     "city": "北京"
 8 }
 9 json.dumps(data)  # 字典编码成JSON字符串
10 json.loads(data)  # JSON字符串解码为字典
11 
12 json.dump(data, open("data.json", "w"))  # 字典编码成JSON字符串并写入文件
13 json.load(open("data.json", "r"))  # 从文件中读取JSON字符串并解码为字典

 六、time

import time
print(time.asctime()) # Wed Apr 24 17:33:12 2024
print(time.time()) # 1713951192.7047122
print(time.localtime()) # time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=8, tm_hour=12, tm_min=12, tm_sec=12, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=220, tm_isdst=0)
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())) # 2024-04-24 17:33:12
import datetime

# 获取当前时间
now = datetime.datetime.now()
# 计算时间
start_time = now + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
end_time = now + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
# 格式化输出年月日时分秒
start_time = start_time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
end_time = end_time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print("开始时间是:", start_time)    开始时间是: 2024-07-18 08:19:33
print("结束时间是:", end_time)      结束时间是: 2024-08-16 08:19:33
# 获取当前时间周一和周日
import datetime
def get_current_week():
    monday, sunday = datetime.date.today(), datetime.date.today()
    one_day = datetime.timedelta(days=1)
    while monday.weekday() != 0:
        monday -= one_day
    while sunday.weekday() != 6:
        sunday += one_day
    # return monday, sunday
    # 返回时间字符串
    return datetime.datetime.strftime(monday, "%Y-%m-%d"), datetime.datetime.strftime(sunday, "%Y-%m-%d")
    
print("周一是:",get_current_week()[0])  //周一是: 2024-07-22
print("周日是:",get_current_week()[1])  //周日是: 2024-07-28

# 今天年月日
now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
print(now) //打印今天的年月日


# 日期获取周几
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
def get_weekday(start_date, end_date, today_date):
    # 将日期字符串转换为日期对象
    start_date = datetime.strptime(start_date, "%Y-%m-%d")
    end_date = datetime.strptime(end_date, "%Y-%m-%d")
    today_date = datetime.strptime(today_date, "%Y-%m-%d")
    # 计算周一到周日的天数
    days_between = (end_date - start_date).days
    # 计算今天和周一之间的天数差
    days_from_monday = (today_date - start_date).days
    # 计算今天是周几,0代表周一,1代表周二,以此类推
    weekday = days_from_monday % 7
    # 返回周几的名称
    weekdays = ["周一", "周二", "周三", "周四", "周五", "周六", "周日"]
    return weekdays[weekday]

# 示例
start_date = "2024-07-22"  # 周一的日期
end_date = "2024-07-28"    # 周日的日期
today_date = "2024-07-24"  # 今天的日期

print("今天是:", get_weekday(start_date, end_date, today_date)) //今天是: 周三
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
def get_week_info():
    # 获取当前日期
    today = datetime.now()
    today_str = today.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")

    # 计算周一的日期
    monday = today - timedelta(days=today.weekday())
    monday_str = monday.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")

    # 计算周日的日期
    sunday = monday + timedelta(days=6)
    sunday_str = sunday.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")

    # 获取今天是周几,0代表周一,6代表周日
    weekday = today.weekday()
    weekday_name = ["周一", "周二", "周三", "周四", "周五", "周六", "周日"][weekday]

    # 输出结果
    print(f"今天是:{weekday_name}")
    print(f"周一日期:{monday_str}")
    print(f"周日日期:{sunday_str}")

    # 返回所有信息
    return today_str, monday_str, sunday_str, weekday_name
    
get_week_info()

打印结果如下:
今天是:周四
周一日期:2024-07-22
周日日期:2024-07-28

七、随机数生成

import random
# 生成10位随机数
print (''.join(str(random.choice(range(10))) for _ in range(10)))

 

posted @ 2024-08-13 13:16  韩凯1202  阅读(53)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报