hive的基本操作

原文地址：http://www.91baidu.ren/post/baiduren/480.html

添加分区

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD PARTITION (partCol = 'value1') location 'loc1'; //示例

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD IF NOT EXISTS PARTITION (dt='20130101') LOCATION '/user/hadoop/warehouse/table_name/dt=20130101'; //一次添加一个分区

ALTER TABLE page_view ADD PARTITION (dt='2008-08-08', country='us') location '/path/to/us/part080808' PARTITION (dt='2008-08-09', country='us') location '/path/to/us/part080809';  //一次添加多个分区

 

删除分区

ALTER TABLE login DROP IF EXISTS PARTITION (dt='2008-08-08');

ALTER TABLE page_view DROP IF EXISTS PARTITION (dt='2008-08-08', country='us');

 

修改分区

ALTER TABLE table_name PARTITION (dt='2008-08-08') SET LOCATION "new location";

ALTER TABLE table_name PARTITION (dt='2008-08-08') RENAME TO PARTITION (dt='20080808');

 

添加列

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMNS (col_name STRING);  //在所有存在的列后面，但是在分区列之前添加一列

 

修改列

CREATE TABLE test_change (a int, b int, c int);

// will change column a's name to a1
ALTER TABLE test_change CHANGE a a1 INT; 

// will change column a's name to a1, a's data type to string, and put it after column b. The new table's structure is: b int, a1 string, c int
ALTER TABLE test_change CHANGE a a1 STRING AFTER b; 

// will change column b's name to b1, and put it as the first column. The new table's structure is: b1 int, a string, c int
ALTER TABLE test_change CHANGE b b1 INT FIRST; 

 

 

修改表属性:

alter table table_name set TBLPROPERTIES ('EXTERNAL'='TRUE');  //内部表转外部表 
alter table table_name set TBLPROPERTIES ('EXTERNAL'='FALSE');  //外部表转内部表

 

 

表的重命名

ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name

 

导入数据

load data local inpath '/home/tongyi/data.txt' into table s_camp_test partition(day_id='20151230', hour_id=00);

 

导出数据

insert overwrite local directory '/home/wyp/Documents/result 导出到本地

insert overwrite directory '/test/' 导出到集群

insert overwrite directory '/test/' row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'  导出指定分隔符

 

指定hive sql 运行队列

set mapreduce.job.queuename = 队列名;

 

指定hive sql 的执行引擎

set hive.execution.engine= （tez, yarn-mr）

启动 hiveserver2

hive --service hiveserver2 --hiveconf hive.server2.thrift.port=10001

 

 

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