webUI自动化测试框架
一、设计思路
框架采用python3+yaml+po+unittest+HTMLTestRunner等技术编写的UI自动化测试框架
1.使用Page Object模式将页面定位和业务操作分开，分离测试对象（元素对象）和测试脚本（用例脚本），一个页面建一个对象类，提高用例的可维护性；
2.使用yaml管理页面空间元素和测试用例数据。例如一个页面元素发生变化时，不需要去修改代码，只需要在对应的页面元素yaml文件中修改即可。
3.以每个页面作为模块管理，随时组装，互不影响。
二、测试框架分层
1.框架层：基础组件封装，支撑整个框架的流程执行及功能扩展
2.用例层：根据用例场景构造test测试方法
3.业务层：封装页面对象类，一个页面建立一个类，业务层基础基础层page类
4.基础层：二次开发selenium的元素定位已经操作
三、编写用例方法
例如我需要新增百度搜索测试场景用例：
1.在testyaml目录下新增一个页面对象yaml文件，利用封装的yamlload方法将yaml文件中的dom元素读取出来，提供给封装页面对象类调用并定元素操作。
testinfo:
- id: test_login001
title: 登录百度网页测试
info: 打开百度首页
testcase:
- element_info: s-usersetting-top
find_type: ID
operate_type: click
info: 打开登录对话框
- element_info: userName
find_type: ID
operate_type: send_keys
info: 输入用户名称
- element_info: TANGRAM__PSP_11__password
find_type: ID
operate_type: send_keys
info: 输入密码
- element_info: TANGRAM__PSP_11__submit
find_type: ID
operate_type: click
info: 单击登录按钮
check:
- element_info: //*[@id="user"]/span[2]
find_type: XPATH
info: 检查用户是否登录
2.在testdata目录下新增一个yaml文件提供给用例测试数据
-
id: test_login001.1
detail : 验证登录成功
screenshot : phone_pawd_empty
data:
username: 13501198450
password: Han520520
check :
- hhil833
3.在page_obj目录编写百度搜索场景的页面对象类封装
testData = getyaml(setting.TEST_Element_YAML + '/' + 'baidu_login.yaml')
class baidu_login(Page):
def open_login(self,username,pwd):
"""
:return:
"""
dig_login_button_loc = (By.ID, testData.get_elementinfo(0))
self.find_element(*dig_login_button_loc).click()
sleep(1)
def go_login(self,username,pwd):
self.find_element(By.ID, testData.get_elementinfo(1)).send_keys(username)
sleep(1)
self.find_element(By.ID, testData.get_elementinfo(2)).send_keys(pwd)
sleep(1)
self.find_element(By.ID, testData.get_elementinfo(3)).click()
def user_login(self, username, pwd):
self.go_login(username,pwd)
sleep(1)
check = (By.ID, By.ID,testData.get_CheckElementinfo(0))
return self.find_element(*check).text
4.在testcase目录编写测试用例文件，采用ddt数据驱动读取yaml测试数据源文件
@ddt.data(*testData)
def user_login_verify(self, username, password):
"""
用户登录
:param phone: 手机号
:param password: 密码
:return:
"""
baidu_login(self.driver).user_login(username,password)
def test_login(self,datayaml):
"""
登录测试
:param datayaml: 加载login_data登录测试数据
:return:
"""
self.log.info("当前执行测试用例ID-> {0} ; 测试点-> {1}".format(datayaml['id'],datayaml['detail']))
# c = self.user_login_verify(datayaml["username"],datayaml["password"])
# log.info("检查点-> {0}".format(c))
# self.assertEqual(c, datayaml['check'][0],
# "成功登录，返回实际结果是->: {0}".format(c))
5.通过多线程将驱动传给执行方法，并行开启多个浏览器执行测试
def run_case(self,function,name):
thread_list=[]
for i in range(1):
appium_server = threading.Thread(target=function,args=(name,))
thread_list.append(appium_server)
for j in thread_list:
j.start()
def run_casea(self):
name = ["chrome", "chrome"]
for i in name:
self.run_case(self.test_baidu,i)
6.操作元素封装
def get_element(self, find_type, element=""):
# getdata = getyaml(file)
# type = getdata.get_find_type(find_type_index)
if find_type == "id" or find_type == "ID":
print(1111111111111111111111)
return self.driver.find_element_by_id(element)
elif find_type == "xpath" or find_type == "XPATH":
return self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(element)
elif find_type == "name" or find_type == "NAME":
return self.driver.find_element_by_name(element)
else:
raise Exception("错误！")
7.浏览器驱动封装
from typing import Union, Type
from selenium.webdriver import *
from selenium.webdriver.opera.options import Options as OperaOptions
from selenium.webdriver.edge.options import Options as EdgeOptions
from setting import *
BROWSERS = (Chrome, Ie, Firefox, Edge, Opera, PhantomJS)
OPTIONS = (ChromeOptions, IeOptions, FirefoxOptions, EdgeOptions, OperaOptions)
class BROWSER:
CHROME_DRIVER_PATH = CHROME_DRIVER_PATH
# 使用32位ie驱动解决文本输入缓慢的问题
IE_DRIVER_PATH = IE_DRIVER_PATH
FIREFOX_DRIVER_PATH = FIREFOX_DRIVER_PATH
EDGE_DRIVER_PATH = EDGE_DRIVER_PATH
OPERA_DRIVER_PATH = OPERA_DRIVER_PATH
HEADLESS = HEADLESS
# IMPLICITLY WAITING TIME METHOD
IMPLICITLY_WAIT_TIME = 10
# PAGE SOURCE LOAD TIME METHOD
PAGE_LOAD_TIME = 10
# the script should wait during an
# execute_async_script call before throwing an error
SCRIPT_TIMEOUT = 0
# SET WINDOW SIZE METHOD
WINDOWS_SIZE = (1024, 900)
def __init__(self, browser_type: Type[Union[Chrome, Ie, Firefox, Edge, Opera, PhantomJS, Remote]] = Chrome,
option_type: Type[Union[FirefoxOptions, ChromeOptions, IeOptions, EdgeOptions, OperaOptions]] = ChromeOptions,
driver_path: str = CHROME_DRIVER_PATH):
if not issubclass(browser_type, BROWSERS):
raise TypeError
if not issubclass(option_type, OPTIONS):
raise TypeError
if not isinstance(driver_path, str):
raise TypeError
self._driver = browser_type
self._option = option_type
self._path = driver_path
@property
def browser(self):
"""
subclass should implement this method
return the instance of WebDriver
:return:
"""
return
@property
def _options(self):
"""
subclass should implement this method
return instance of the Option Type like ChromeOptions
:return:
"""
return
class CHROME(BROWSER):
METHOD_MARK = True
IMPLICITLY_WAIT_TIME = 30
PAGE_LOAD_TIME = 20
SCRIPT_TIMEOUT = 10
# HEADLESS MODEL OPTION
HEADLESS = False
OPTION_MARK = True
# EXPERIMENTAL OPTION
EXPERIMENTAL = {
# 'mobileEmulation': {'deviceName': 'iPhone 6'}, #以移动格式现实启动页面做h5时候会用到
'excludeSwitches': ['enable-automation'] #浏览器启动时左上角提示正在运行自动化
}
# WINDOW SIZE OPTION
WINDOW_SIZE = ''
# WINDOW_SIZE = '--window-size=1920,1080'
# START MAXIMIZED OPTION
START_MAXIMIZED = '--start-maximized'
@property
def _options(self):
"""
chrome浏览器特有的操作属性
:return:
"""
if self.OPTION_MARK:
chrome_option = self._option()
chrome_option.headless = self.HEADLESS
if self.WINDOW_SIZE:
chrome_option.add_argument(self.WINDOW_SIZE)
if self.START_MAXIMIZED:
# chrome_option.add_argument(self.START_MAXIMIZED)
chrome_option.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_option.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
for k, v in self.EXPERIMENTAL.items():
chrome_option.add_experimental_option(k, v)
return chrome_option
return None
@property
def browser(self):
"""
启动chrome浏览器并进行初始配置
:return:
"""
if self._options:
chrome = self._driver(self._path, options=self._options)
else:
chrome = self._driver(self._path)
if self.METHOD_MARK:
chrome.implicitly_wait(self.IMPLICITLY_WAIT_TIME)
chrome.set_page_load_timeout(self.PAGE_LOAD_TIME)
chrome.set_script_timeout(self.SCRIPT_TIMEOUT)
return chrome
class IE(BROWSER):
IMPLICITLY_WAIT_TIME = 20
PAGE_LOAD_TIME = 10
SCRIPT_TIMEOUT = 10
WINDOWS_SIZE = (1600, 1024)
CLEAN_SESSION = True
ATTACH_TIMEOUT = 10000
MARK = True
def __init__(self):
super(IE, self).__init__(
browser_type=Ie,
option_type=IeOptions,
driver_path=super().IE_DRIVER_PATH
)
@property
def _options(self):
"""
ie浏览器特有的操作属性
:return:
"""
ie_option = self._option()
ie_option.browser_attach_timeout = self.ATTACH_TIMEOUT
ie_option.ensure_clean_session = self.CLEAN_SESSION
return ie_option
@property
def browser(self):
"""
启动ie浏览器并进行初始配置
:return:
"""
if self.MARK:
ie = self._driver(self._path, options=self._options)
else:
ie = self._driver(self._path)
ie.implicitly_wait(self.IMPLICITLY_WAIT_TIME)
ie.set_page_load_timeout(self.PAGE_LOAD_TIME)
ie.set_script_timeout(self.SCRIPT_TIMEOUT)
ie.set_window_size(*self.WINDOWS_SIZE)
return ie
class FIREFOX(BROWSER):
def __init__(self):
super(FIREFOX, self).__init__(
browser_type=Firefox,
option_type=FirefoxOptions,
driver_path=super().FIREFOX_DRIVER_PATH
)
@property
def _options(self):
return
def browser(self):
return self._driver(self._path)
class OPERA(BROWSER):
def __init__(self):
super(OPERA, self).__init__(
browser_type=Opera,
option_type=OperaOptions,
driver_path=super().OPERA_DRIVER_PATH
)
@property
def _options(self):
return
def browser(self):
return self._driver(self._path)
