安装完的docker后，我们就要接触相应的基础命令，下面我们分镜像命令和容器命令进行相应的介绍。
查看镜像的相关命令
1标识镜像的方法
- 第一种：REPOSITORY ：TAG
- 第二种：IMAGE ID (镜像id)
-
1、REPOSITORY ：TAG centos:latest 2、IMAGE ID (镜像id) 0d120b6ccaa8 （sha256:64位的号码，默认只截取12位）
2.查看镜像
-
docker image ls 查看镜像信息
-
docker image ls --no-trunc 详细查看镜像信息
-
[root@localhost ~]# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest bc9a0695f571 8 days ago 133MB centos 7 8652b9f0cb4c 2 weeks ago 204MB centos 7.9.2009 8652b9f0cb4c 2 weeks ago 204MB centos 7.6.1810 f1cb7c7d58b7 20 months ago 202MB [root@localhost ~]# docker image ls --no-trunc REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest sha256:bc9a0695f5712dcaaa09a5adc415a3936ccba13fc2587dfd76b1b8aeea3f221c 8 days ago 133MB centos 7 sha256:8652b9f0cb4c0599575e5a003f5906876e10c1ceb2ab9fe1786712dac14a50cf 2 weeks ago 204MB centos 7.9.2009 sha256:8652b9f0cb4c0599575e5a003f5906876e10c1ceb2ab9fe1786712dac14a50cf 2 weeks ago 204MB centos 7.6.1810 sha256:f1cb7c7d58b73eac859c395882eec49d50651244e342cd6c68a5c7809785f427 20 months ago 202MB
-
描述
- docker image ls 列出映像
docker image ls [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
| 名字，速记 | 默认 | 描述 |
--all , -a |
Show all images (default hides intermediate images) -----显示所有映像（默认隐藏中间映像） | |
--digests |
Show digests -----显示摘要 | |
--filter , -f |
Filter output based on conditions provided -----根据提供的条件过滤输出 | |
--format |
Pretty-print images using a Go template -----使用Go模板的漂亮打印映像 | |
--no-trunc |
Don’t truncate output -----不要截断输出 | |
--quiet , -q |
Only show numeric IDs -----仅显示数字ID |
3.查看镜像详细信息
-
1.通过id号进行查看（id号不需要全部复制） [root@localhost ~]# docker image inspect bc9a0695f5712dcaaa 2.通过镜像名：tag进行查看 [root@localhost ~]# docker image inspect nginx:lates
4.image 的基础命令
-
1. [root@localhost Carrie]# docker image --help Usage: docker image COMMAND Manage images Commands: build Build an image from a Dockerfile 创建 从dockerfile生成一个镜像 history Show the history of an image 历史 显示镜像的历史 import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
从tarball导入内容以创建文件系统映像。
inspect Display detailed information on one or more images 检查 在一个或多个图像上显示详细信息 load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN 加载 从a tar archive or STDIN中加载一个镜像 ls List images list show 列出镜像 prune Remove unused images 修剪 删除未使用的镜像 pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry 拉取 从注册表中拉取镜像或存储库 push Push an image or a repository to a registry 推 给注册表推镜像或存储库 rm Remove one or more images 删除 删除一个或者多个镜像 save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) 保存 保存一个或者多个镜像到a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE 标记 创建一个标志 （改名作用）
查看docker信息的命令
1.查看docker的版本信息
- docker version
-
[root@localhost docker]# docker version Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 19.03.13 API version: 1.40 Go version: go1.13.15 Git commit: 4484c46d9d Built: Wed Sep 16 17:03:45 2020 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 19.03.13 API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.13.15 Git commit: 4484c46d9d Built: Wed Sep 16 17:02:21 2020 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.3.7 GitCommit: 8fba4e9a7d01810a393d5d25a3621dc101981175 runc: Version: 1.0.0-rc10 GitCommit: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd docker-init: Version: 0.18.0 GitCommit: fec3683
2.查看docker的详细信息
- docker info
-
[root@localhost docker]# docker info Client: Debug Mode: false Server: Containers: 0 Running: 0 Paused: 0 Stopped: 0 Images: 1 Server Version: 19.03.13 Storage Driver: overlay2 Backing Filesystem: xfs Supports d_type: true Native Overlay Diff: true Logging Driver: json-file Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs Plugins: Volume: local Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog Swarm: inactive Runtimes: runc Default Runtime: runc Init Binary: docker-init containerd version: 8fba4e9a7d01810a393d5d25a3621dc101981175 runc version: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd init version: fec3683 Security Options: seccomp Profile: default Kernel Version: 3.10.0-1160.6.1.el7.x86_64 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core) OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 2 Total Memory: 3.682GiB Name: localhost.localdomain ID: HKP3:SX23:3TYR:OV22:A6HB:7GZW:L5IY:PMFF:Q7BS:4PZP:X2UB:OEHT Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker Debug Mode: false Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ Labels: Experimental: false Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 Registry Mirrors: https://72idtxd8.mirror.aliyuncs.com/ Live Restore Enabled: false
镜像的基础操作
1.查找镜像
- docker search nginx (从网上查找的镜像）
- 如果想指定星级 可以加-s 星级数(docker search nginx -s 20) ----------->显示星级数高于20的镜像
-
[root@localhost docker]# docker search nginx NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
名字 描述 星级 是否官方创建
nginx Official build of Nginx. 14063 [OK] jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 1912 [OK] richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 795 [OK] linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 131 jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho… 115 tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp… 105 [OK] bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 90 [OK] alfg/nginx-rtmp NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from sou… 80 [OK] jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 72 [OK] nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… 63 [OK] nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes 45 privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al… 42 [OK] nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 21 schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra… 19 [OK] nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter 15 centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building … 15 staticfloat/nginx-certbot Opinionated setup for automatic TLS certs lo… 14 [OK] raulr/nginx-wordpress Nginx front-end for the official wordpress:f… 13 [OK] centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n… 13 mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend 8 [OK] bitwarden/nginx The Bitwarden nginx web server acting as a r… 7 flashspys/nginx-static Super Lightweight Nginx Image 7 [OK] bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller Bitnami Docker Image for NGINX Ingress Contr… 6 [OK] wodby/nginx Generic nginx 1 [OK] ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb An APB to deploy NGINX
2.从仓库中拉取镜像（下载镜像）
- docker image pull nginx
-
[root@localhost docker]# docker image ls -a REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE [root@localhost docker]# docker pull nginx Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/nginx 852e50cd189d: Pull complete 571d7e852307: Pull complete addb10abd9cb: Pull complete d20aa7ccdb77: Pull complete 8b03f1e11359: Pull complete Digest: sha256:6b1daa9462046581ac15be20277a7c75476283f969cb3a61c8725ec38d3b01c3 Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest docker.io/library/nginx:latest [root@localhost docker]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest bc9a0695f571 9 days ago 133MB
3.从容器中导出镜像到宿主机
- docker image save nginx > /Carrie/nginx
-
[root@localhost Carrie]# docker image save nginx > /Carrie/nginx
4.删除镜像
- 删除一个镜像：docker image rm nginx
- 删除所有镜像：docker image rmi -f 'docker image ls -q'
-
[root@localhost Carrie]# docker image rm nginx Untagged: nginx:latest Untagged: nginx@sha256:6b1daa9462046581ac15be20277a7c75476283f969cb3a61c8725ec38d3b01c3 Deleted: sha256:bc9a0695f5712dcaaa09a5adc415a3936ccba13fc2587dfd76b1b8aeea3f221c Deleted: sha256:a6862ade3b91fdde2aa8a3d77fdcc95b1eb6c606be079c11b7f97f249d0e731d Deleted: sha256:32bcbe3740b68d0625744e774b404140366c0c4a2b2eadf32280d66ba001b4fb Deleted: sha256:2dc5e43f496e41a18c016904b6665454a53be22eb4dcc1b468d864b4e2d1f311 Deleted: sha256:5fe6a7c579cd9fbcfa604810974c4c0c16893f4c40bc801545607ebd0accea74 Deleted: sha256:f5600c6330da7bb112776ba067a32a9c20842d6ecc8ee3289f1a713b644092f8
5.从宿主机中导入镜像
-
docker image tag nginx load -i /Carrie/nginx (-i 从tar包中读取文件内容）
-
[root@localhost Carrie]# docker image tag nginx load -i /Carrie/nginx f5600c6330da: Loading layer [==================================================>] 72.52MB/72.52MB 7ccabd267c9f: Loading layer [==================================================>] 64.54MB/64.54MB 850c2400ea4d: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.072kB/3.072kB f790aed835ee: Loading layer [==================================================>] 4.096kB/4.096kB 7e914612e366: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.584kB/3.584kB Loaded image: nginx:latest [root@localhost Carrie]# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest bc9a0695f571 12 hours ago 133MB centos 7 8652b9f0cb4c 11 days ago 204MB centos 7.6.1810 f1cb7c7d58b7 20 months ago 202MB
6.镜像命名
- docker image tag ID号 新名:TAG
-
[root@localhost docker]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest bc9a0695f571 9 days ago 133MB centos 7 8652b9f0cb4c 2 weeks ago 204MB [root@localhost docker]# docker image tag 8652b9f0cb4c centos7.0:7.0 [root@localhost docker]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest bc9a0695f571 9 days ago 133MB centos7.0 7.0 8652b9f0cb4c 2 weeks ago 204MB centos 7 8652b9f0cb4c 2 weeks ago 204MB
7.镜像的上传（将镜像传到仓库中）
容器的基础操作
- 启动容器是要依赖镜像的
- 容器一般有两种形式一种为交互式容器(工具类容器），另一种为守护式容器
1.启动交互式容器
- docker container run -it nginx
- 参数介绍如下：
-
–detach -d 在后台运行容器，并且打印容器id。 –interactive -i 即使没有连接，也要保持标准输入保持打开状态，一般与 -t 连用。 –tty -t 分配一个伪tty，一般与 -i 连用。 - docker容器运行之后，不会进入容器，只会提示容器已经运行
[root@localhost docker]# docker container run -it nginx /docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration /docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/ /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh /docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
- 如果想要进入容器，需要开启一个进程窗口，一般是/bin/bash
- docker container run -it nginx /bin/bash
-
[root@localhost docker]# docker container run -it nginx /bin/bash root@36a432a211d4:/#
2.启动守护式容器
- docker run -d --name="container-nginx" nginx
- --name='' ------容器名字
[root@localhost docker]# docker run -d --name="container-nginx" nginx \83f20975051a756b756ed6cddfaea7b22d3e23a6d91faaeb06d0df4f47abdada
这就是已经启动了nginx的服务，用curl命令可以直接看到nginx的页面
-
[root@localhost docker]# curl 192.168.2.222:8080 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html>
3.docker容器的网络访问
默认情况下，容器之间是可以ping通的，但是容器无法和宿主机外部连接，所以无法在浏览器中显示nginx.
解决这个问题只需要启动容器时需要指定映射。
- 1.宿主机的8080端口映射到container的80端口 ： -p 8080:80 映射端口
[root@localhost docker]# docker run -d --name="container-nginx" -p 8080:80 nginx
- 查看容器和宿主机是否连接
- 2.指定某段地址的8080端口映射到container的80端口
-
[root@localhost docker]# docker run -d --name="container-nginx" -p 192.168.2.0:8080:80 nginx
- 3.随机某段地址的端口映射到container的80端口 （随机端口从32768开始）
-
[root@localhost docker]# docker run -d --name="container-nginx" -p 192.168.2.0::80 nginx
- 4.随机端口映射到container的80端口
-
[root@localhost docker]# docker run -d --name="container-nginx" -p 80 nginx
4 .查看版本
-
cat /etc/redhat-release
-
[root@localhost docker]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
5.查看容器的状态
- docker container ls
-
[root@localhost docker]# docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
容器的唯一标识 镜像 容器的命令 时间 状态 映射端口 名字
1e42240498a7 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" About an hour ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp Carrie_nginx
6.查看容器的状态信息
- 第一种：docker container ls -a 显示所有容器
- 第二种： docker container ps 显示开启的容器
-
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 83f20975051a nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 12 hours ago Up 5 seconds 80/tcp container-nginx b95a2f892de1 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 12 hours ago Exited (0) 12 hours ago brave_bell 36a432a211d4 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 12 hours ago Exited (130) 12 hours ago magical_kowalevski 1577a37d246d nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 12 hours ago Exited (0) 12 hours ago affectionate_poincare 579c50bca513 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 12 hours ago Exited (0) 12 hours ago awesome_neumann 1e42240498a7 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 13 hours ago Up 13 hours 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp Carrie_nginx [root@localhost ~]# docker container ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 83f20975051a nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 12 hours ago Up About a minute 80/tcp container-nginx 1e42240498a7 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 13 hours ago Up 13 hours 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp Carrie_nginx
7.启动容器
- 当镜像变成容器启动时用run命令，当容器生成再进行启动时就需要用start命令
- 启动到后台
-
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED 1e42240498a7 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 13 hours ago Up 13 hours 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp Carrie_nginx [root@localhost ~]# docker container start 1e42240498a7 1e42240498a7
8.进入容器的命令
- 1.docker run；创建和启动一个新的容器实例，操作对象是镜像，选项较多，如果你要创建和启动一个容器，只能用run；
- 实例：docker run -d --name="container-nginx" nginx
-
[root@localhost docker]# docker run -d --name="container-nginx" nginx \83f20975051a756b756ed6cddfaea7b22d3e23a6d91faaeb06d0df4f47abdada
- 2.docker exec: 在已运行的容器中，执行命令，操作对象是容器，如果你要进入已运行的容器，并且执行命令，用exec；用exec的方式进入容器，退出容器时不会关闭容器
- 实例：docker container exec -it 1e42240498a7 /bin/bash
-
[root@localhost ~]# docker container start 1e4 1e4 [root@localhost ~]# docker container exec -it 1e42240498a7 /bin/bash root@1e42240498a7:/# ls -a . .dockerenv boot docker-entrypoint.d etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr .. bin dev docker-entrypoint.sh home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
- 3.docker attach: 同样操作的是已运行的容器，可以将本机标准输入（键盘输入）输到容器中，也可以将容器的输出显示在本机的屏幕上，如果你想查看容器运行过程中产生的标准输入输出，用attach，用attach的方式进入容器，但是退出容器时会关闭容器
- 实例：docker container attach 1e42240498a7
-
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 83f20975051a nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 13 hours ago Up 4 seconds 80/tcp container-nginx 1e42240498a7 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 14 hours ago Up 35 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp Carrie_nginx [root@localhost ~]# docker container attach 1e42240498a7
了解进入容器的命令详解请查看下一章博客：https://www.cnblogs.com/hanjiali/p/14088844.html
9.关闭容器
- docker container stop 1e42240498a7
- 停止容器
-
[root@localhost ~]# docker container stop 1e42240498a7 1e42240498a7
10.容器前台转后台运行
- curl+p,q 将容器丢到后台运行
- docker run后面追加-d=true或者-d，那么容器将会运行在后台模式。
11.容器的导出
- docker export 1e4 > /Carrie/nginx.tar
-
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 1e42240498a7 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 15 hours ago Up 8 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp Carrie_nginx [root@localhost ~]# docker export 1e4 > /Carrie/nginx.tar [root@localhost ~]# ls /Carrie/nginx.tar /Carrie/nginx.tar
12.容器的导入
-
docker import /Carrie/nginx.tar
-
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 1e42240498a7 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 15 hours ago Up 8 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp Carrie_nginx [root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f 1e4 1e4 [root@localhost ~]# docker container ls -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@localhost ~]# docker import /Carrie/nginx.tar sha256:7959eb583395d45ecb7d2e152061ade41742c3cf5f208d5f49c8d270ad9247bb [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE <none> <none> 7959eb583395 29 seconds ago 131MB [root@localhost ~]# docker tag 7959eb583395 nginx:Carrie [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx Carrie 7959eb583395 3 minutes ago 131MB
