第16章MySQL数据库安装与实现
16.1 安装MySQL
创建用户组和相应的虚拟用户
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql [root@localhost ~]# useradd mysql -g mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin [root@localhost ~]# id mysql uid=1004(mysql) gid=1004(mysql) 组=1004(mysql)
安装MySQL的软件
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /home/girl/tools [root@localhost ~]# cd /home/girl/tools [root@localhost tools]# rz -y rz waiting to receive. zmodem trl+C ȡ 100% 23480 KB 23480 KB/s 00:00:01 0 Errors [root@localhost tools]# tar xf mysql-5.1.72.tar.gz [root@localhost tools]# ls lrzsz-0.12.20 lrzsz-0.12.20.tar.gz mysql-5.1.72 mysql-5.1.72.tar.gz [root@localhost tools]# ls -l 总用量 23768 drwxrwxrwx 9 406 disk 4096 10月 24 05:33 lrzsz-0.12.20 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 280938 12月 31 1998 lrzsz-0.12.20.tar.gz drwxrwxrwx 32 7155 wheel 4096 9月 10 2013 mysql-5.1.72 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24044338 10月 24 2019 mysql-5.1.72.tar.gz
配置文件
./configure \ --prefix=/application/mysql5.1.72/data \ --with-unix-socket-path=/application/mysql5.1.72/tmp/mysql.sock \ --localstatedir=/application/mysql5.1.72/data \ --enable-assembler \ --enable-thread-safe-client \ --with-mysqld-user=mysql \ --with-big-tables \ --without-debug \ --with-pthread \ --enable-assembler \ --with-extra-charsets=complex \ --with-readline \ --with-ssl \ --with-embedded-server \ --enable-local-infile \ --with-plugins=partition,innobase \ --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static \ --with-client-ldflags=-all-static #--with-plugin-PLUGIN \
出现如下图：就可以安装了make && make install
创建软链接
[root@localhost mysql-5.1.72]# ln -s /application/mysql5.1.72/ /application/mysql [root@localhost mysql-5.1.72]# ll /application/mysql/
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10月 24 10:20 bin
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 99 10月 25 04:31 data
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 18 10月 24 10:20 include
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 18 10月 24 10:20 lib
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 38 10月 24 10:21 libexec
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 17 10月 24 06:53 man
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 10月 24 10:21 mysql-test
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 66 10月 24 10:21 share
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 10月 24 10:21 sql-bench
16.2 MySQL数据库启动
查看配置文件。下面五个文件都是数据库的配置文件，
[root@localhost tools]# ls mysql-5.1.72/support-files/my*.cnf mysql-5.1.72/support-files/my-huge.cnf mysql-5.1.72/support-files/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf mysql-5.1.72/support-files/my-large.cnf mysql-5.1.72/support-files/my-medium.cnf mysql-5.1.72/support-files/my-small.cnf
将文件复制到my.cnf(my-small.cnf为默认配置文件名 /etc/my.cnf 为默认配置路径 )
[root@localhost tools]# cd mysql-5.1.72/support-files/ [root@localhost support-files]# cp my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf cp：是否覆盖"/etc/my.cnf"？ \y [root@localhost support-files]#
创建存放数据库文件的地方
[root@localhost support-files]# mkdir /application/mysql/data -p [root@localhost support-files]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/ #/application/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db（数据库中的文件） --basedir=/application/mysql （原始目录存放地址） --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ （生成的数据文件地址） --user=mysql （所用额数据用户初始化） [root@localhost support-files]# /application/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql
出现两个ok且没有报错就说明成功
完成后生成两个库，MySQL的库是系统文件库，不能够轻易删除，而test为测试库，可以删除。
[root@localhost support-files]# ll /application/mysql/data/ 总用量 4 drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 10月 26 00:58 mysql drwx------ 2 mysql root 6 10月 26 00:58 test
启动数据库
[root@localhost support-files]# cp mysql.server.sh /etc/init.d/mysqld (启动脚本) [root@localhost support-files]# chkconfig --add mysqld （添加管理） [root@localhost support-files]# chkconfig mysqld on （启动） [root@localhost support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld （授权启动）
启动数据库
[root@localhost support-files]# cd /application/mysql/bin [root@localhost bin]# cd .. [root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysqld_safe & [1] 72588 [root@localhost mysql]# 191026 01:28:55 mysqld_safe Logging to '/application/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'. 191026 01:28:55 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /application/mysql/data
检测是否成功，查看端口，成功
[root@localhost mysql]# netstat -lntup|grep mysql tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 72691/mysqld
设置密码
[root@localhost mysql]# /application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'zxc123'
#设置完密码之后，就登陆不进去了
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
#使用用户名和密码进行登陆
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -pzxc123 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.1.72 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
16.3 MySQL数据库应用
进入MySQL数据库
（全路径的进入）
[root@localhost ~]# /application/mysql/bin/mysql mysql> mysql> quit Bye
（将路径加入PATH中）
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/profile PATH="/application/mysql/bin/:$PATH" [root@localhost ~]#grep mysql /etc/profile PATH="/application/mysql/bin/:$PATH" [root@localhost ~]# . /etc/profile [root@localhost ~]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.1.72 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> q -> ;
16.4 Mysql排错问题解决：
.checking for termcap functions library... configure: error: No curses/termcap library found
解决问题：
yum list|grep ncurses yum -y install ncurses-devel yum install ncurses-devel
2.../depcomp: 第 571 行:exec: g++: 未找到
make[1]: *** [my_new.o] 错误 127
make[1]: 离开目录“/home/girl/tools/mysql-5.1.72/mysys”
make: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1
解决方法：
[root@localhost mysql-5.1.72]# yum install -y gcc-c++ 已加载插件：fastestmirror
3.../include/my_global.h:1110:15: 错误：对 C++ 内建类型‘bool’的重声明 [-fpermissive]
typedef char bool; /* Ordinary boolean values 0 1 */
^
解决方法
make[1]: *** [my_new.o] 错误 1 make[1]: 离开目录“/home/girl/tools/mysql-5.1.72/mysys” make: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1 解决办法，删除Mysql的文件，重新解压。[root@localhost tools]# rm -rf mysql-5.1.72
4.最后在启动mysql时出错，
[root@localhost support-files]# /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &
[2] 72431
[1] 退出 1 /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
[root@localhost support-files]# /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe:行337: my_print_defaults: 未找到命令
/application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe:行343: my_print_defaults: 未找到命令
再查看端口，有的话就ok ,netstat -lntup|grep mysql
用系统提供的启动命令也没有用，最后查了一下原因， 是官方已经承认的bug，5.519以后的版本就不再出现了。
解决办法：进入
[root@localhost support-files]# cd /application/mysql/bin [root@localhost bin]# cd .. [root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysqld_safe & [1] 72588 [root@localhost mysql]# 191026 01:28:55 mysqld_safe Logging to '/application/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'. 191026 01:28:55 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /application/mysql/data
16.5 彻底删除mysql
1、使用以下命令查看当前安装mysql情况，查找以前是否装有mysql
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rpm -qa|grep -i mysql |
可以看到如下图的所示：
显示之前安装了：
MySQL-client-5.5.25a-1.rhel5
MySQL-server-5.5.25a-1.rhel5
2、停止mysql服务、删除之前安装的mysql
删除命令：rpm -e –nodeps 包名
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rpm -ev MySQL-client-5.5.25a-1.rhel5 rpm -ev MySQL-server-5.5.25a-1.rhel5 |
如果提示依赖包错误，则使用以下命令尝试
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rpm -ev MySQL-client-5.5.25a-1.rhel5 --nodeps |
如果提示错误：error: %preun(xxxxxx) scriptlet failed, exit status 1
则用以下命令尝试：
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rpm -e --noscripts MySQL-client-5.5.25a-1.rhel5 |
3、查找之前老版本mysql的目录、并且删除老版本mysql的文件和库
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find / -name mysql |
查找结果如下：
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find / -name mysql
/var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql/mysql /usr/lib64/mysql |
删除对应的mysql目录
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rm -rf /var/lib/mysql rm -rf /var/lib/mysql rm -rf /usr/lib64/mysql |
具体的步骤如图：查找目录并删除
注意：卸载后/etc/my.cnf不会删除，需要进行手工删除
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rm -rf /etc/my.cnf |
4、再次查找机器是否安装mysql
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rpm -qa|grep -i mysql |
