BDD框架:behave学习记录

转自:https://www.cnblogs.com/helenMemery/p/6429492.html

1         安装behave

         安装好python后,使用 pip install behave命令安装behave  

      ------ behave的官方网站: http://pythonhosted.org/behave/

2         一个简单的实例

新建下面几个文件,文件结构如下

                  firstCase

                  firstCase/wordcheck.feature

                  firstCase/steps

                  firstCase/steps/wordcheck.py

wordcheck.feature的内容如下:

Feature: word check
  Scenario: Check letters
    Given I have a letter y
    When I input letter y
   
Then the inputed letter is Equal with y

wordcheck.py内容如下:

__author__ = 'helen'
from behave import *

@Given('I have a letter')
def step_impl(context):
    pass

@When('I input letter {letter}')
def step_impl(context,letter):
    context.letter = letter

@Then('the inputed letter is Equal with {TargetLetter}')
def step_impl(context,TargetLetter):
    assert context.letter is context.TargetLetter

完成这两个文件,我们的第一个case就完成了,下面通过cmd命令来执行它。

第一次运行,结果如下,说没有TargetLetter参数。

 

检查了wordcheck.py,发现@Then的部份忘记给TargetLetter赋值了,加上红框部份。

 

第二次运行,执行通过,如下图所示:

 

 

就这样,一个简单的实例就完成了,是不是好简单(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……

 

3         features文件夹

我上面写的例子中的 “firstCase” 文件夹就相当于现在说的features文件夹。

下面简单说一下.feature和.py文件:

1)         .feature文件是用于编写测试场,你可以把各种场景和数据写在里面,支持中文;

2)         .py文件就是根据你写的测试场景和数据来执行测试。

3)         最好.feature文件与.py文件一一对应。

 

如官网教程所说,简单点的项目文件结构如下:

features/

features/everything.feature

features/steps/

features/steps/steps.py

         复杂一点的结构如下:

features/
features/signup.feature
features/login.feature
features/account_details.feature
features/environment.py
features/steps/
features/steps/website.py
features/steps/utils.py

4         .feature文件介绍

一个.feature文件里可以写多个Scenario,如下所示:

Feature: comparison
  Scenario: comparison two words
    Given I have two words
    When input a and a
   
Then two words Equal

  Scenario: comparison two numbers
    Given I have two numbers
    When I input number1 3 and number2 2
   
Then the first number big then the last number

下面对这些关键词做一些简单的解析:

1)         Feature:功能名称

2)         Scenario:场景名称

3)         Given:给出测试前提条件;

4)         when:相当我们的测试步骤;

5)         Then:给出期望结果

有一个值得注意的是,你可以把“And”或“But”加到这些步骤中,如下:

Feature: word check
  Scenario: Check letters
    Given I have a letter
    When I input letter y
     
But I just want to show the key word "But"
    Then the inputed letter is Equal with y
     
And continue to next case

但是要注意,你在.py中要写入相应的步骤处理方法,如下图所示,你要加入“When I just want to show the key word "But"”和“Then continue to next case”相对应的方法,

 

 

4.1  Scenario Outlines

在测试同一个场景时,很多时候我们需要输入各种各样的数据来验证不同的结果输出,这时我们用Scenario Outlines就可以实现了。如下图分别输大小写字母来验证场景

Feature: word check
  Scenario Outline: Check letters
    Given I have a letter
    When I input letter <keyword>
   
Then the inputed letter is Equal with <targetword>

  
Examples: Lowercase letters
    |keyword|targetword|
    |
a      |a         |
    |
b      |b         |

    Examples:
Capital letters
    |keyword|targetword|
    |
F      |F         |
    |
D      |D         |

执行结果如下:

 

 

4.2  在场景中添加注释

在场景中,你可以通过"""来输出更多注释信息,这些注释会成为Context的“.text”属性值,如下图分别在Given\When\Then中加入注释:

Feature: word check
  Scenario : show notes
    Given I want to show some notes
    """
    This is Given Notes
    """
    When just want to show some notes
    """
    This is When notes
    """
    Then there is a word "Then" in the attribute ".text"
    """
    This is Then notes
    """

然后在py文件中,我们最后判断"Then"是否存在Context.text中,如下代码:

__author__ = 'helen'
from behave import *

@Given('I want to show some notes')
def step_impl(context):
    pass

@When('just want to show some notes')
def step_impl(context):
    pass

@Then('there is a word "Then" in the attribute ".text"')
def step_impl(context):
    assert context.text.find("Then")

最后执行通过,执行结果如下,在结果中输出了注释:

 

 

4.3  使用table

跟上面的context.text一样,在场景中可以一个表格作为context.table属性值,如下图在Given中加入表格:

Feature: show the table
  Scenario: some scenario
  Given a set of specific users
     | name      | department  |
     |
Barry     | Beer Cans   |
     |
Pudey     | Silly Walks |
     |
Two-Lumps | Silly Walks |

 When
we count the number of people in each department
 Then we will find two people in "Silly Walks"
  But we will find one person in "Beer Cans"

 

 

 

 

 

6         Environment.py

Environment.py是个非常重要的文件,放在feature文件夹下,与.feature文件并列。下面是Environment.py中定义的一些方法:

before_step(context, step), after_step(context, step)

These run before and after every step.

before_scenario(context, scenario), after_scenario(context, scenario)

These run before and after each scenario is run.

before_feature(context, feature), after_feature(context, feature)

These run before and after each feature file is exercised.

before_tag(context, tag), after_tag(context, tag)

These run before and after a section tagged with the given name. They are invoked for each tag encountered in the order they’re found in the feature file. See controlling things with tags.

before_all(context), after_all(context)

These run before and after the whole shooting match.

         下面是一个简单的例子,大家可以根据自己的需要定义方法:

# coding:utf-8
__author__ = 'helen'
import sys
from behave import *
from selenium import webdriver

# 开始测试前,定义系统编码为utf-8
def before_all(context):
    reload(sys)
    sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')

def before_feature(context):
    context.driver = webdriver.Firefox()

def after_feature(context):
    context.driver.quit()

 

7         通过标签tag来控制测试执行

标签以@开头,如下示例:

Feature: find a look
  @valid
  Scenario: look up a book
   Given I search for a valid book
    Then the result page will include "success"

  @invalid
  Scenario: look up an invalid book
    Given I search for a invalid book
     Then the result page will include "failure"

执行的时候在behave 后面加上tag 标签即可,如我只测试“valid”这个场景,那么就输入“behave --tags=valid”,执行如下图所示,一个场景跳过忽略:

 

 

如果你想执行若干个不同标签的场景,你可以这么写“behave --tags=valid,invalid”;

如果你想执行除了@invalid外的所有场景,你可以这么写“behave --tags=-invalid”;

如果你要执行标签包含了 “valid”和“invalid”两个签标的场景,你可以这么写“behave --tags=valid --tags=invalid”

当然,tags在py文件中也起作用,例如

def before_feature(context):
    if 'browser' in feature.tags:
        context.driver = webdriver.Firefox()

def after_feature(context):
    if 'browser' in feature.tags:
        context.driver.quit()
posted @ 2018-09-14 15:18  韩、饭饭  阅读(1377)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报