http协议

一.请求报文: 

1.http协议内容:

GET /day09/hello HTTP/1.1               -请求行
Host: localhost:8080                    --请求头(多个key-value对象)
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:35.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/35.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-cn,en-us;q=0.8,zh;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
                                    --一个空行
name=eric&password=123456             --(可选)实体内容

 

响应(服务器-》浏览器)
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1
Content-Length: 24
Date: Fri, 30 Jan 2015 01:54:57 GMT

this is hello servlet!!!

2.http协议版本

http1.0:当前浏览器客户端与服务器端建立连接之后,只能发送一次请求,一次请求之后连接关闭。

http1.1:当前浏览器客户端与服务器端建立连接之后,可以在一次连接中发送多次请求。(基本都使用1.1

3.请求资源

URL:  统一资源定位符。http://localhost:8080/day09/testImg.html。只能定位互联网资源。是URI 的子集。

URI: 统一资源标记符。/day09/hello。用于标记任何资源。可以是本地文件系统,局域网的资源(//192.168.14.10/myweb/index.html), 可以是互联网。

4.请求方式

常见的请求方式: GET POSTHEADTRACEPUTCONNECT DELETE

常用的请求方式: GET  POST

表单提交:

<form action="提交地址" method="GET/POST">

<form>

5.GET   vs  POST 区别

1GET方式提交

a)地址栏(URI)会跟上参数数据。以?开头,多个参数之间以&分割。

GET /day09/testMethod.html?name=eric&password=123456 HTTP/1.1

 

Host: localhost:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:35.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/35.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-cn,en-us;q=0.8,zh;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://localhost:8080/day09/testMethod.html
Connection: keep-alive

bGET提交参数数据有限制,不超过1KB

cGET方式不适合提交敏感密码。

d)注意: 浏览器直接访问的请求,默认提交方式是GET方式

2POST方式提交

a)参数不会跟着URI后面。参数而是跟在请求的实体内容中。没有?开头,多个参数之间以&分割。

bPOST提交的参数数据没有限制。

cPOST方式提交敏感数据。

POST /day09/testMethod.html HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:35.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/35.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-cn,en-us;q=0.8,zh;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://localhost:8080/day09/testMethod.html
Connection: keep-alive

name=eric&password=123456

 6.请求头

Accept: text/html,image/*      -- 浏览器接受的数据类型
Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1     -- 浏览器接受的编码格式
Accept-Encoding: gzip,compress  --浏览器接受的数据压缩格式
Accept-Language: en-us,zh-       --浏览器接受的语言
Host: www.it315.org:80          --(必须的)当前请求访问的目标地址(主机:端口)
If-Modified-Since: Tue, 11 Jul 2000 18:23:51 GMT  --浏览器最后的缓存时间
Referer: http://www.it315.org/index.jsp      -- 当前请求来自于哪里
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT 5.0)  --浏览器类型
Cookie:name=eric                     -- 浏览器保存的cookie信息
Connection: close/Keep-Alive            -- 浏览器跟服务器连接状态。close: 连接关闭  keep-alive:保存连接。
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2000 18:23:51 GMT      -- 请求发出的时间

7. 实体内容

只有POST提交的参数会放到实体内容中

8.HttpServletRequest对象

HttpServletRequest对象作用是用于获取请求数据。

   核心的API

请求行:

request.getMethod();   请求方式

request.getRequetURI()   / request.getRequetURL()   请求资源

request.getProtocol()   请求http协议版本

请求头:

request.getHeader("名称")   根据请求头获取请求值

request.getHeaderNames()    获取所有的请求头名称

实体内容:

request.getInputStream()   获取实体内容数据

9.传递的请求参数如何获取

 GET方式: 参数放在URI后面

 POST方式: 参数放在实体内容中

获取GET方式参数:

request.getQueryString();

获取POST方式参数:

request.getInputStream();

问题:但是以上两种不通用,而且获取到的参数还需要进一步地解析。

所以可以使用统一方便的获取参数的方式:

  核心的API

request.getParameter("参数名");  根据参数名获取参数值(注意,只能获取一个值的参数)

request.getParameterValue("参数名“);根据参数名获取参数值(可以获取多个值的参数)

request.getParameterNames();   获取所有参数名称列表  

 10.请求参数编码问题

修改POST方式参数编码:

request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

修改GET方式参数编码:

手动解码:String name = new String(name.getBytes("iso-8859-1"),"utf-8");

 11.请求报文的代码练习:

package com.http.requst;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Enumeration;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class RequstExercise extends HttpServlet {

    /**
     * Constructor of the object.
     */
    public RequstExercise() {
        super();
    }

    /**
     * Destruction of the servlet. <br>
     */
    public void destroy() {
        super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
        // Put your code here
    }

    /**
     * The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
     *
     * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
     * 
     * @param request the request send by the client to the server
     * @param response the response send by the server to the client
     * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
     * @throws IOException if an error occurred
     */
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("gb2312");
//        System.out.println("GET方式");
//        String value = request.getQueryString();
//        System.out.println(value);
        //t1(request);
        //t2(request);
        //--直接获取指定名称的值
        /*
        String name = request.getParameter("user");
        String pwd = request.getParameter("pwd");
        System.out.println("用户名: " + name);
        System.out.println("密码: " + pwd);
        */
        //访问所有的
        Enumeration<String> enums = request.getParameterNames();
        while(enums.hasMoreElements()){
            String name = enums.nextElement();
            if("GET".equals(request.getMethod())){
                name = new String(name.getBytes("iso-8859-1"), "gb2312");
            }
            //System.out.println(name + " 是: " + request.getParameter(name));//不能处理多个值
            System.out.print(name + "是: ");
            String[] values = request.getParameterValues(name);
            for(String value : values){
                if("GET".equals(request.getMethod())){
                    value = new String(value.getBytes("iso-8859-1"), "gb2312");
                }
                System.out.print(value + "\t");
            }
            System.out.println();
            
        }
    }

    private void t2(HttpServletRequest request) {
        System.out.println("Host : " + request.getHeader("Host"));
        Enumeration<String> enums = request.getHeaderNames();
        while(enums.hasMoreElements()){
            String headerName = enums.nextElement();
            System.out.println(headerName + " : " + request.getHeader(headerName));
        }
    }

    private void t1(HttpServletRequest request) {
        System.out.println("请求方式是:" + request.getMethod());
        System.out.println("HTTP版本:" + request.getProtocol());
        System.out.println("URI:" + request.getRequestURI());
        System.out.println("URL" + request.getRequestURL());
    }

    /**
     * The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
     *
     * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post.
     * 
     * @param request the request send by the client to the server
     * @param response the response send by the server to the client
     * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
     * @throws IOException if an error occurred
     */
    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

//        ServletInputStream in = request.getInputStream();
//        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
//        int len = 0;
//        while( (len=in.read(buf))!=-1 ){
//            String str = new String(buf, 0, len);
//            System.out.println(str);
//        }
        doGet(request, response);
        
        
    }

    /**
     * Initialization of the servlet. <br>
     *
     * @throws ServletException if an error occurs
     */
    public void init() throws ServletException {
        // Put your code here
    }

}

二.响应报文

HTTP/1.1 200 OK                --响应行
Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1         --响应头(key-vaule)
Content-Length: 24 
Date: Fri, 30 Jan 2015 01:54:57 GMT
                                   --一个空行
this is hello servlet!!!                  --实体内容

1.状态码: 服务器处理请求的结果(状态)

常见的状态:

200 :  表示请求处理完成并完美返回

302:   表示请求需要进一步细化。 404:   表示客户访问的资源找不到。

500:   表示服务器的资源发送错误。(服务器内部错误)

2 常见的响应头

Location: http://www.it315.org/index.jsp   -表示重定向的地址,该头和302的状态码一起使用。
Server:apache tomcat                 ---表示服务器的类型
Content-Encoding: gzip                 -- 表示服务器发送给浏览器的数据压缩类型
Content-Length: 80                    --表示服务器发送给浏览器的数据长度
Content-Language: zh-cn               --表示服务器支持的语言
Content-Type: text/html; charset=GB2312   --表示服务器发送给浏览器的数据类型及内容编码
Last-Modified: Tue, 11 Jul 2000 18:23:51 GMT  --表示服务器资源的最后修改时间
Refresh: 1;url=http://www.it315.org     --表示定时刷新
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=aaa.zip --表示告诉浏览器以下载方式打开资源(下载文件时用到)
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Set-Cookie:SS=Q0=5Lb_nQ; path=/search   --表示服务器发送给浏览器的cookie信息(会话管理用到)
Expires: -1                           --表示通知浏览器不进行缓存
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Connection: close/Keep-Alive           --表示服务器和浏览器的连接状态。close:关闭连接 keep-alive:保存连接

3 HttpServletResponse对象

HttpServletResponse对象修改响应信息:

 

响应行:

response.setStatus()  设置状态码

响应头:

response.setHeader("name","value")  设置响应头

实体内容:

response.getWriter().writer();   发送字符实体内容

response.getOutputStream().writer()  发送字节实体内容

4 案例- 请求重定向(Location

5 案例- 定时刷新(refresh)

6 案例-content-Type作用

7.响应报文代码练习:

package com.http.response;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class ResponseExercise extends HttpServlet {

    /**
     * The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
     *
     * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
     * 
     * @param request the request send by the client to the server
     * @param response the response send by the server to the client
     * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
     * @throws IOException if an error occurred
     */
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setCharacterEncoding("gb2312");
        //func_response1(response);
        //refresh(response);
        //response.setHeader("content-type", "text/html");
        //response.setContentType("text/xml");
        //response.getWriter().write("<html><head><title>handsomcui</title></head><body>hello everyone</body></html>");
        response.setContentType("image/jpg");
        FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream(new File("E:/我的java程序/code/MyWeb/WebRoot/img/15.JPG"));
        int len;
        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
        while( (len = file.read(buf)) != -1){
            response.getOutputStream().write(buf, 0, len);
        }
        file.close();
    }

    private void refresh(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        response.setStatus(302);
        response.setHeader("location", "/MyWeb/adv.html");
        response.sendRedirect("/MyWeb/adv.html");
        response.setHeader("refresh", "1");
        response.setHeader("refresh", "3;url=/MyWeb/adv.html");
    }

    private void func_response1(HttpServletResponse response)
            throws IOException {
        response.setStatus(404);
        response.sendError(404);
        response.getWriter().write("I'm handsomecui");
        response.getOutputStream().write("I'm a doubi".getBytes());
        response.setHeader("server", "handsomecui");
        response.setHeader("author", "cuigege");
        response.setHeader("Date", "2006.1.1");
    }

    /**
     * The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
     *
     * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post.
     * 
     * @param request the request send by the client to the server
     * @param response the response send by the server to the client
     * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
     * @throws IOException if an error occurred
     */
    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        
    }

}

三.总结:

http协议: 浏览器和服务器之间数据传输的格式规范

1http请求:

格式:

请求行

请求头

空行

实体内容(POST提交的数据在实体内容中)

重点:

使用HttpServletRequest对象: 获取请求数据

2http响应;

格式:

响应行

响应头

空行

实体内容(浏览器看到的内容)

重点:

使用HttpServletResponse对象: 设置响应数据

 

posted @ 2016-11-14 14:52  handsomecui  阅读(244)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报