ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

1 错误信息

  • 例1

    SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Oct 29 15:46:33 2015
    Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    ERROR:
    ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
    
    Enter user-name:
    ERROR:
    ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
    
  • 例2

    SQL> create view a.v_a as select a.* from  a.emp a ,b.dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno;
    create view a.v_a as select a.* from  a.emp a ,b.dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno
                                                     *
    第 1 行出现错误:
    ORA-01031: 权限不足
    
  • 例3

    存储过程中提示无权限

    SQL> exec boss.proc_test;
    begin boss.proc_test; end;
    
    ORA-01031: 权限不足
    ORA-06512: 在 "BOSS.PROC_TEST", line 4
    ORA-06512: 在 line 1
    

2 官方解析

$ oerr ora 1031
01031, 00000, "insufficient privileges"
// *Cause: An attempt was made to change the current username or password
//         without the appropriate privilege. This error also occurs if
//         attempting to install a database without the necessary operating
//         system privileges.
//         When Trusted Oracle is configure in DBMS MAC, this error may occur
//         if the user was granted the necessary privilege at a higher label
//         than the current login.
// *Action: Ask the database administrator to perform the operation or grant
//          the required privileges.
//          For Trusted Oracle users getting this error although granted the
//          the appropriate privilege at a higher label, ask the database
//          administrator to regrant the privilege at the appropriate label.

从官方提供的解析来看,有两种可能:

  • 在没有权限的情况下对用户或者用户密码进行修改
  • 安装数据库的时候,没有足够的权限。
  • 没有足够权限去授权

这些描述,有说明一部分现象,但是还不是全部的。下面一节是我的经验总结。抛砖引玉,如果有其他的情况也会导致此问题, 可以给我留言。

3 情景分析

 

3.1 登录

 

3.1.1 用户属组缺失或不正确

用户以操作系统认证方式登录数据库时,会把当前用户的组信息与$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/config.c 文件中的配置进行比对。如果不匹配,有可能出现ORA-01017 或者ORA-01031错误。

下面是config.c 文件内容

/*  SS_DBA_GRP defines the UNIX group ID for sqldba adminstrative access.  */
/*  Refer to the Installation and User's Guide for further information.  */

/* IMPORTANT: this file needs to be in sync with
           rdbms/src/server/osds/config.c, specifically regarding the
           number of elements in the ss_dba_grp array.
	   */
#define SS_DBA_GRP "dba"
#define SS_OPER_GRP "oinstall"
#define SS_ASM_GRP ""

char *ss_dba_grp[] = {SS_DBA_GRP, SS_OPER_GRP, SS_ASM_GRP};

从注释中,可以看出,ss_dba_grp 是以sqldba 身份登录数据库的必要条件之一。也就是说,只要以dba 身份 登录,该操作系统用户就需要隶属于该用户组。

错误示例:

# id oracle                                                             ## ==> 查看oracle 用户当前属组
uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) 01(oinstall),502(dba)
# usermod -G oinstall oracle                                            ## ==> 修改Oracle 用户附属组信息
# id oracle                                                             ## ==> 查看oracle 用户当前属组,与第一次查看,发现少了dba 组
uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) 01(oinstall)
# su - oracle
# sqlplus / as sysdba                                                   ## ==> 尝试以sysdba身份登录数据库

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Mon Jul 16 16:13:10 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges                                      ## ==> 重现错误信息

Enter user-name: ^C

# usermod -G oinstall,dba oracle                                        ## ==> 还原Oracle 用户组信息
# su - oracle
# sqlplus / as sysdba                                                   ## ==> 尝试以sysdba 身份登录oracle 数据库

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Mon Jul 16 16:13:51 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> exit                                                               ## ==> 登录成功,退出SQL环境。

3.1.2 用户认证方式不对

oracle 用户登录通过sqlnet.ora 中的SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES

详情参见cnblog:Oracle命令认证 本地:oracle登录认证

3.1.3 ORACLE_SID

变量ORACLE_SID 未设置或者设置错误,也会引起此错误。

3.2 对象权限不足

较容易出现在视图,存储过程中。 错误信息:

ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
ORA-06512: at "schema.procedure_name", line 3
ORA-06512: at line 1
说明
很多时候,我们明明有授与很高的权限,比如select any table,select any view 等,应该不会在查询表或者视图时出现权限问题,但是,事实上我们就是会遇到。有些时候, 我们会遇到这样的情况:DML/DDL 不在存储过程中执行是没有问题的,可是放到存储过程中以 后执行会报错,提示无权限。原因是这种授权方式,针对某个单独对象来说,是隐式授权。 如果我们在存储过程或者物化视图中想要访问、修改某个对象的时候,需要对该对象进行 显示授权:grant select on object_name to schema;

比如ddl 操作:

create or replace procedure proc_test
as
begin
  execute immediate 'create table test(id number)';
end;
/

这个操作是是建表,需要create table 权限, 我们需要授予系统权限:create any table.

grant create any table to xxx;

如果是DML和查询操作无权限,则针对相关对象单独授权:

grant select on <user>.<object> to <the_other_user>;
grant update on <user>.<object> to <the_other_user>;
grant delete on <user>.<object> to <the_other_user>;
grant insert on <user>.<object> to <the_other_user>;

Author: HALBERD.LEE@GMAIL.COM

Created: 2020-10-09 Fri 11:06

Validate

posted @ 2019-08-21 17:36  halberd.lee  阅读(3969)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报