Django 文件说明!

Django文件说明:

xiangmu
├── idea               # pycharm环境
├── manage.py          # 管理文件
├── templates          # html 样式目录
├── static			   # 静态目录
├── app01              # 代码规范
	├──  templatetags  #自定义过滤器
└── xiangmu            # 项目目录
    ├── __init__.py  
    ├── settings.py    # 配置
    ├── urls.py        # 路由 --> URL和函数的对应关系
    └── wsgi.py        # 代替socket通信,把请求相关的内容封装成request对象

HTML目录:

templates:

在进行复制页面拷贝body和head到html,将路径都修改为静态路径

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
	#bootstrap.css
    #login.css 都通过静态名进行引用
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/login.css">
</head>
    
<body>
     <div class="container">
        # form表单设置
        # action提交的地址默认当前地址,method默认get请求,post提交,required=""必须要填写
        # novalidate添加后不会校验
        # 设置数据通过post返回给后端,设置返回地址和提交方式action="" method="post" 
        # email和password分别设置username和password输入值
        
      <form class="form-signin" action="" method="post">
        <h2 class="form-signin-heading">Please sign in</h2>
        <label for="inputEmail" class="sr-only">Email address</label>
        <input type="email" name="username" id="inputEmail" class="form-control" placeholder="Email address" required="" autofocus="">
        <label for="inputPassword" class="sr-only">Password</label>
        <input type="password" id="inputPassword" name="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" required="">
        <div class="checkbox">
          <label>
            <input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"> Remember me
          </label>
        </div>
        <button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit">Sign in</button>
      </form>

    </div> <!-- /container -->
</body>
</html>

表格交互

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/biaoge.css">
    <style>
            table{
        font-family: 新宋体;
        font-size: 20px;
        text-align: center;
        line-height: 70px;
        }
        a{
            display: inline-block;
            width: 60px;
            height: 50px;
            line-height: 50px;
            color: #e2e2e2;
            border-radius: 10px;
            background-color: #009688;
        }
        #dd{
            font-size: 20px;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 50px;
            }
        th{
            text-align: center;
            font-size: 25px;
        }
        td{
            text-align: center;
            font-size: 25px;
        }

        .waihe{
            margin: 0 auto;
            width: 1915px;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="waihe">
        <a id="dd" href="/publisher_add/">添加</a>

        <table border="1" class="table table-striped">
            <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>序号</th>
                    <th>ID</th>
                    <th>出版社名称</th>
                    <th>操作</th>
                </tr>
            </thead>

            <tbody>
                {% for publisher in all_publisher %}

                    <tr>
                        <td >{{ forloop.counter}}</td>
                        <td >{{ publisher.pid}}</td>
                        <td >{{ publisher.name}}</td>
                        <td >
                            <a href="/publisher_del/?pk={{publisher.pid}}">删除</a>
                            <a href="/publisher_edit/?pk={{publisher.pid}}">编辑</a>
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                {% endfor %}
            </tbody>
        </table>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

表单交互:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
    <style>
        .waike{
            margin: 0 auto;
            width: 500px;
        }
        p{
            font-weight:700;
            font-size: 20px;
        }
        form{
            font-family: 新宋体;
            font-size: 20px;
            line-height: 50px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
    
<body>
    <form action="" method="post">
       <div class="waike">
            <p>班级:<input type="text" class="form-control" name="class_name" value="{{name}}">
                      <span style="color: red">{{error}}</span>
            </p>

            <p>老师:<input type="text" class="form-control" name="class_laoshi" value="{{laoshi}}"></p>
            <p>课程:<input type="text" class="form-control" name="class_keming" value="{{keming}}"></p>
            <p>周期:<input type="text" class="form-control" name="class_zhouqi" value="{{zhouqi}}"></p>
            <button class="btn btn-success  btn-lg">添加班级数据</button>
            <a class="btn btn-info btn-lg" href="/class_list/" role="button">返回首页</a>
        </div>
    </form>
</body>
    
</html>

静态目录:

创建static静态目录:

css       # 样式
img       # 图片
js        # javascrip文件
plugins   #js bootstrap引用的css文件存放位置

css文件示例:

body {
  padding-top: 40px;
  padding-bottom: 40px;
  background-color: #eee;
}

.form-signin {
  max-width: 330px;
  padding: 15px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.form-signin .form-signin-heading,
.form-signin .checkbox {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.form-signin .checkbox {
  font-weight: normal;
}
.form-signin .form-control {
  position: relative;
  height: auto;
  -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
     -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
          box-sizing: border-box;
  padding: 10px;
  font-size: 16px;
}
.form-signin .form-control:focus {
  z-index: 2;
}
.form-signin input[type="email"] {
  margin-bottom: -1px;
  border-bottom-right-radius: 0;
  border-bottom-left-radius: 0;
}
.form-signin input[type="password"] {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  border-top-left-radius: 0;
  border-top-right-radius: 0;
}

app01-代码规范:

创建app:python manage.py startapp app01 manage.py是管理项目的脚本文件

  • app01目录下文件自动生成

    migrations  # 创建mysql数据的迁移文件  
    admin.py    # django admin管理后台,对数据库表进行增删改查操作
    apps.py	    # app的信息
    models.py   # 模型 om跟数据库相关
    tests.py    # 测试使用
    views.py    # 视图,写函数
    

views.py-url 页面判断对应的函数

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse,render,redirect
from app01 import models  #打开数据库类进行调用

def index(request):    	  #接受参数
    return HttpResponse("登录成功")             #返回字符串

def home(request):
    return render(request,'home.html')        #访问home目录,跳转到路径

def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, 'login.html')   #返回登录页面
    if request.method == "POST":
        user = request.POST.get("username")    #获取提交的数据
        pwd = request.POST.get("password")
		
	# ret = models.User.objects.get(username="user",password="pwd")    #找不到或者一个都报错
        ret = models.User.objects.filter(username=user,password=pwd)   #找不到对象列表
        if user == "haiyang" and pwd == "123":
            return redirect("/index/")         #效验成功 跳转到首页(重定向)
        else:
            return redirect("/login/")         #效验失败,返回登录页面

models.py 命令存放

  • 数据库命令存放位置

    python manage.py makemigrations  # 记录models.py文件更新状态
    python manage.py migrate         # 执行数据库的迁移命令,将sql语句提交到数据库中
    
    

  • 创建表和字段

    from django.db import models
    
    class Publisher(models.Model):                   #Publisher:表名,继承models.Model类
        pid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)     #自增、主键
        name = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)  #约束唯一
    
      def __str__(self):
            return "{}{}".format(self.pid,self.name)  #返回给调用者内容
    
    

项目文件:

manage.py:

  • 管理配置文件

__init__:

#使用pymysql模块连接mysql数据库
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

settings.py 配置文件:

  • 配置文件主要包含
    • 设置主机访问权限
    • 数据库连接配置
    • html存放位置
    • 静态文件(css,js,img)存放位置
import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))  #项目路径

SECRET_KEY = '0s=cn7g2p!xbd)m&6ew)!ltcf!&=t#c&=tiu*l35vt#ir5@)mz'

DEBUG = True   		     #debug模式,前端页面会显示错误提示,关闭则不显示

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']    #设置主机权限

#django默认注册的app
INSTALLED_APPS = [          
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',    #sessions使用app中必须要有
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app01.apps.App01Config']  #注册一个新的app,推荐写法

    
MIDDLEWARE = [    #中间件
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',   #中间件中也要有session
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    #'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',  #提交post请求,校验功能关闭,登录403问题
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'xiangmu.urls'   #路由配置文件

#存放html模板文件
TEMPLATES = [  
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'xiangmu.wsgi.application'


#数据库配置
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',  #使用mysql数据库
        'NAME': 'haiyangdb',   # 库名称
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',   # 地址
        'PORT': 3306,          # 端口
        'USER': 'root',        # 账号
        'PASSWORD': '123'      # 密码
    }
}

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'  #'zh_Hans' admin中可以修改为中文,默认英文
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'        #'Asia/Shanghai'  修改时区
USE_I18N = True
USE_TZ = True
APPEND_SLASH=True

USE_L10N = False   # 时间配置
DATETIME_FORMAT = 'Y-m-d H:i:s'
DATE_FORMAT = 'Y-m-d'
TIME_FORMAT = 'H:i:s'


#静态路径配置和别名  
STATIC_URL = '/static/' 			  #静态别名,样式 js 图片都是静态文件

STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),   #设置静态路径
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'x1'),       #可以设置多个图片路径,调用时都使用static就可以
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'x2') 	   #如果图片重名只会拿到第一个(列表顺序)
]


#在python中打印sql语句
LOGGING = {
    'version': 1,
    'disable_existing_loggers': False,
    'handlers': {
        'console':{
            'level':'DEBUG',
            'class':'logging.StreamHandler',
        },
    },
    'loggers': {
        'django.db.backends': {
            'handlers': ['console'],
            'propagate': True,
            'level':'DEBUG',
        },
    }
}


from django.conf import global_settings  #django默认全局配置

urls.py 路由:

  • 路由中常用参数和方法:

    #查看请求类型和数据类型
        print(request.method,type(request.method))  #查看get请求
        print(request.POST, type(request.POST))     #查看post请求
    
    #参数:
        HttpResponse("欢迎光临")       返回字符串
        render(request,'home.html')   返回目录跳转到路径 示例:
        redirect("/login/")			  跳转到本地目录或者跳转URL
    
    

  • URL和函数对应关系

    from django.conf.urls import url
    from django.contrib import admin
    from app01 import views
    
    urlpatterns = [                                #调用配置文件
        url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
        url(r'^index/', views.index),
        url(r'^home/', views.home),
        url(r'^login/', views.login),
        url(r'^publisher_add/',views.AddPublisher.as_view() )  #调用类名
    ]
    
    

wsgipy 通信:

posted @ 2019-08-22 16:07  海洋1994  阅读(357)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报