""" iter(...) iter(iterable) -> iterator iter(callable, sentinel) -> iterator Get an iterator from an object. In the first form, the argument must supply its own iterator, or be a sequence. In the second form, the callable is called until it returns the sentinel. """ # 可以由可迭代对象得到一个迭代器 l = [1,2,3,4] print(iter(l)) # <list_iterator object at 0x000002D7D2D7B208> print(l.__iter__()) # <list_iterator object at 0x000001E6BE719198> """ 可迭代对象满足了迭代协议的一个接口 __iter__ 或者 __getitem__ 迭代器对象只有一个接口__next__ next 可以得到迭代器中的下一个元素,最后一个元素被取出后,会抛出StopIteration异常 for循环工作机制: 1.由iter方法得到一个迭代器 2.不停地调用next方法,直到捕获一个会抛出StopIteration异常,退出循环 """ """ 如何实现可迭代对象和迭代器对象 实际案例: 某软件要求,从网络抓取各个城市的气温信息,并以此显示: 北京:15-20 天津:17-22 长春:12-18 .... 如果一次抓取所有的城市天气再显示,显示第一个城市气温时,有很高的延时,并且浪费存储空间。 我们期望以“用时访问”策略,并且能把所有的城市气温封装到一个对象里,可用for语句进行迭代,如何解决? 解决方案: 1.实现一个迭代器对象WeatherIterator,next方法每次返回一个气温 2.实现一个可迭代对象WeatherIterable,__iter__方法返回一个迭代器对象 """ import requests from collections import Iterable,Iterator class WeatherIterator(Iterator): """ 迭代器对象,满足__next__接口 """ def __init__(self,citys): self.citys = citys self.index = 0 def _getCityWeather(self,city): r = requests.get("http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?city=%s" % city) data = r.json()['data']['forecast'][0] return "%s:%s-%s" % (city, data['low'], data['high']) def __next__(self): if self.index == len(self.citys): raise StopIteration city = self.citys[self.index] self.index += 1 return self._getCityWeather(city) class WeatherIterable(Iterable): """ 可迭代对象,满足__iter__接口 """ def __init__(self,citys): self.citys = citys def __iter__(self): return WeatherIterator(self.citys) citys = ['北京', '上海', '广州', '深圳'] weather_obj = WeatherIterable(citys) for x in weather_obj: print(x)