新版本SpringCloud sleuth整合zipkin


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SpringCloud Sleuth 简介#

Spring Cloud Sleuth为Spring Cloud实现了分布式跟踪解决方案。

Spring Cloud Sleuth借鉴了Dapper的术语。

Span:基本的工作单元。Span包括一个64位的唯一ID,一个64位trace码,描述信息,时间戳事件,key-value 注解(tags),span处理者的ID(通常为IP)。

Trace:一组Span形成的树形结构。

Annotation:用于及时记录存在的事件。常用的Annotation如下:

  • cs:客户端发送(client send) 客户端发起一个请求,表示span开始
  • sr:服务器接收(server received) 服务器接收到客户端的请求并开始处理,sr - cs 的时间为网络延迟
  • ss:服务器发送(server send) 服务器处理完请求准备返回数据给客户端。ss - sr 的时间表示服务器端处理请求花费的时间
  • cr:客户端接收(client received) 客户端接收到处理结果,表示span结束。 cr - cs 的时间表示客户端接收服务端数据的时间

下图展示了Span和Trace在系统中的联系

Sleuth 默认采用 Http 方式将 span 传输给 Zipkin#

在application.properties文件中指定

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spring.zipkin.sender.type=web

使用 RabbitMQ 异步发送 span 信息#

为什么选择 RabbitMQ 消息中间件发送 span 信息

  • sleuth 默认采用 http 通信方式,将数据传给 zipkin 作页面渲染,但是 http 传输过程中如果由于不可抗因素导致 http 通信中断,那么此次通信的数据将会丢失。而使用中间件的话,RabbitMQ 消息队列可以积压千万级别的消息,下次重连之后可以继续消费。
  • 随着线程增多,并发量提升之后,RabbitMQ 异步发送数据明显更具有优势。
  • RabbitMQ 支持消息、队列持久化,可以通过消息状态落库、重回队列、镜像队列等技术手段保证其高可用。

示例#

示例简介#

示例包含sleuth-search、sleuth-cart、sleuth-order三个系统,用来模拟电商系统中下单的流程,用户可以搜索商品然后立即下单,也可以搜索多个商品后加入购物车,然后下单,调用情况即 search -> cart -> order,或 search -> order。

示例使用 RestTemplate 来完成三个系统间的 http 请求响应,请求方式也都遵循Restful风格。

版本说明#

版本一定要对应好,一些低版本的SpringBoot无法兼容新版本的SpringCloud和zipkin

工具 版本
SpringBoot 2.1.6.RELEASE
SpringCloud Greenwich.SR3
zipkin 2.16.2

项目结构#

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demo-cloudsleuth |- sleuth-search |- sleuth-cart |- sleuth-order pom.xml

导入依赖#

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<!-- 引入 springboot 和 springcloud 父工程 --> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> </parent> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>Greenwich.SR3</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId> <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- Springboot 相关 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>

配置 RestTemplate,RestTemplate是SpringBoot提供的封装好的http工具类,可以帮助我们简化http的使用。

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package com.anqi.cart.resttmplate; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory; import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @Configuration public class RestTemplateConfig { @Bean public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory) { return new RestTemplate(factory); } @Bean public ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory() { SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory(); factory.setConnectTimeout(5000); factory.setReadTimeout(5000); return factory; } }

三个系统下的application.properties,端口分别是8081 8082 8083

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#server.port=8081 server.port=8082 server.port=8083 server.servlet.context-path=/ spring.zipkin.base-url=http://localhost:9411/ spring.zipkin.service.name=sleuth-cart #使用默认 http 方式收集 span 需要配置此项 #spring.zipkin.sender.type=web #sleuth 使用 rabbitmq 来向 zipkin 发送数据 spring.zipkin.sender.type=rabbit spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost spring.rabbitmq.port=5672 spring.rabbitmq.username=guest spring.rabbitmq.password=guest #设置采样率默认为 0.1 注意之前的版本是percentage 新版本中更换为 probability spring.sleuth.sampler.probability=1

三个系统下的RestTemplate的配置,用来简化 http 请求

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package com.anqi.cart.resttmplate; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory; import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @Configuration public class RestTemplateConfig { @Bean public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory) { return new RestTemplate(factory); } @Bean public ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory() { SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory(); factory.setConnectTimeout(5000); factory.setReadTimeout(5000); return factory; } }
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@RequestMapping("cart") @RestController public class CartController { @Autowired RestTemplate restTemplate; @Autowired CartService cartService; private static final String orderUrl = "http://localhost:8084/order/create"; @GetMapping("/add/{cartId}") public String addToCart(@PathVariable("cartId") String cartId) { cartService.addProductToCart(cartId, "小米8"); ResponseEntity<String> res = restTemplate.getForEntity(orderUrl, String.class); return res.getBody(); } }
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@RequestMapping("order") @RestController public class OrderController { @GetMapping("/create") public String creatOrder() { System.out.println("create order"); return "create_order"; } }
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@RestController public class SearchController { @Autowired RestTemplate restTemplate; private static final String cartUrl = "http://localhost:8083/cart/add/1"; private static final String orderUrl = "http://localhost:8084/order/create"; @GetMapping("/search") public String search() { ResponseEntity<String> cartRes = restTemplate.getForEntity(cartUrl, String.class); ResponseEntity<String> orderRes = restTemplate.getForEntity(orderUrl, String.class); return "cart:" + cartRes.getBody() + "- order:" + orderRes.getBody(); } }

运行结果分析#

默认 http 传输 span 信息#

启动Zipkin

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java -jar zipkin-server-2.16.2-exec.jar

网页中手动访问

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http://localhost:8082/search

我们访问zipkin站点查询调用情况

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http://localhost:9411/zipkin/traces/94b954d843012ca9

可以从下图中完整清晰的看到三个系统的调用关系

下图为zipkin调用预览,我们请求四次http://localhost:8082/search来更直观的观察数据。在以下界面中,较为简洁的显示Span的个数以及调用总时延。

我们进入一个完整的调用链后访问其中的一个节点得到以下数据。

以下为一次全链路追踪的详细信息,包含7个span的所有信息,以上看到的页面展示均有以下数据加以渲染而成。

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[ { "traceId": "94b954d843012ca9", "parentId": "bab70b1e69a5f3e3", "id": "96387b33a823ca8f", "kind": "SERVER", "name": "get /order/create", "timestamp": 1569060494069123, "duration": 1161, "localEndpoint": { "serviceName": "sletuth-order", "ipv4": "192.168.0.107" }, "remoteEndpoint": { "ipv4": "127.0.0.1", "port": 49863 }, "tags": { "http.method": "GET", "http.path": "/order/create", "mvc.controller.class": "OrderController", "mvc.controller.method": "creatOrder" }, "shared": true }, { "traceId": "94b954d843012ca9", "parentId": "94b954d843012ca9", "id": "90f7e5cfa89e0d80", "kind": "SERVER", "name": "get /order/create", "timestamp": 1569060494076287, "duration": 1296, "localEndpoint": { "serviceName": "sletuth-order", "ipv4": "192.168.0.107" }, "remoteEndpoint": { "ipv4": "127.0.0.1", "port": 49864 }, "tags": { "http.method": "GET", "http.path": "/order/create", "mvc.controller.class": "OrderController", "mvc.controller.method": "creatOrder" }, "shared": true }, { "traceId": "94b954d843012ca9", "parentId": "94b954d843012ca9", "id": "bab70b1e69a5f3e3", "kind": "CLIENT", "name": "get", "timestamp": 1569060494063693, "duration": 10374, "localEndpoint": { "serviceName": "sleuth-search", "ipv4": "192.168.0.107" }, "tags": { "http.method": "GET", "http.path": "/cart/add/1" } }, { "traceId": "94b954d843012ca9", "parentId": "94b954d843012ca9", "id": "90f7e5cfa89e0d80", "kind": "CLIENT", "name": "get", "timestamp": 1569060494074966, "duration": 2848, "localEndpoint": { "serviceName": "sleuth-search", "ipv4": "192.168.0.107" }, "tags": { "http.method": "GET", "http.path": "/order/create" } }, { "traceId": "94b954d843012ca9", "id": "94b954d843012ca9", "kind": "SERVER", "name": "get /search", "timestamp": 1569060494062631, "duration": 16332, "localEndpoint": { "serviceName": "sleuth-search", "ipv4": "192.168.0.107" }, "remoteEndpoint": { "ipv6": "::1", "port": 49859 }, "tags": { "http.method": "GET", "http.path": "/search", "mvc.controller.class": "SearchController", "mvc.controller.method": "search" } }, { "traceId": "94b954d843012ca9", "parentId": "bab70b1e69a5f3e3", "id": "96387b33a823ca8f", "kind": "CLIENT", "name": "get", "timestamp": 1569060494067090, "duration": 3197, "localEndpoint": { "serviceName": "sleuth-cart", "ipv4": "192.168.0.107" }, "tags": { "http.method": "GET", "http.path": "/order/create" } }, { "traceId": "94b954d843012ca9", "parentId": "94b954d843012ca9", "id": "bab70b1e69a5f3e3", "kind": "SERVER", "name": "get /cart/add/{cartid}", "timestamp": 1569060494066140, "duration": 8150, "localEndpoint": { "serviceName": "sleuth-cart", "ipv4": "192.168.0.107" }, "remoteEndpoint": { "ipv4": "127.0.0.1", "port": 49862 }, "tags": { "http.method": "GET", "http.path": "/cart/add/1", "mvc.controller.class": "CartController", "mvc.controller.method": "addToCart" }, "shared": true } ]

使用 RabbitMQ 情况#

启动 zipkin,注意参数

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java -jar zipkin-server-2.16.2-exec.jar --RABBIT_ADDRESSES=localhost:5672 --RABBIT_USER=guest --RABBIT_PASSWORD=guest --RABBIT_VIRTUAL_HOST=/

启动 rabbitmq

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rabbitmq-server

在测试的时候发现 mq 和以上方式时延相差无几,但是随着线程数的增加也就是并发量的增加,mq 传输时延将会大大低于 http。

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