HttpWebRequest和HttpWebResponse
原文:http://blog.csdn.net/haitaofeiyang/article/details/18362225
申公前几日和一个客户做系统对接,以前和客户对接一般采用webservice或者json 解析的方式,直接调用标准解析就可以。没想到客户用“请求响应模式”,直接访问人家的接口地址取数据,无奈打造一个通用的访问类吧
参考MSDN的解释:
HttpWebRequest类:提供WebRequest类的Http特定的实现。
HttpWebRequest 类对 WebRequest 中定义的属性和方法提供支持,也对使用户能够直接与使用 HTTP 的服务器交互的附加属性和方法提供支持。
不要使用构造函数创建HttpWebRequest实例,请使用System.Net.WebRequest.Create(URI uriString)来创建实例,如果URI是Http://或Https://,
返回的是HttpWebRequest对象。(建立请求特定URI的对象)
当向资源发送数据时,GetRequestStream方法返回用于发送数据的Stream对象。(获取请求数据的流对象)
GetResponse方法向RequestUri属性指定的资源发出同步请求并返回包含该响应的HttpWebResponse。(获取来自internet的响应)
好了,直接上代码:
using System.Net; using System.IO; using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates; using System.Net.Security; using System.Windows.Forms; /* * 作者:申公 * 日期: * 说明:此类提供http,POST和GET访问远程接口 * */ namespace ZJS.EDI.Business.HttpUtility { /// <summary> /// 有关HTTP请求的辅助类 /// </summary> public class HttpWebResponseUtility { private static readonly string DefaultUserAgent = "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)";//浏览器 private static Encoding requestEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8;//字符集 /// <summary> /// 创建GET方式的HTTP请求 /// </summary> /// <param name="url">请求的URL</param> /// <param name="timeout">请求的超时时间</param> /// <param name="userAgent">请求的客户端浏览器信息,可以为空</param> /// <param name="cookies">随同HTTP请求发送的Cookie信息,如果不需要身份验证可以为空</param> /// <returns></returns> public static HttpWebResponse CreateGetHttpResponse(string url, int? timeout, string userAgent, CookieCollection cookies) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(url)) { throw new ArgumentNullException("url"); } HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest; request.Method = "GET"; request.UserAgent = DefaultUserAgent; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(userAgent)) { request.UserAgent = userAgent; } if (timeout.HasValue) { request.Timeout = timeout.Value; } if (cookies != null) { request.CookieContainer = new CookieContainer(); request.CookieContainer.Add(cookies); } return request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse; } /// <summary> /// 创建POST方式的HTTP请求 /// </summary> /// <param name="url">请求的URL</param> /// <param name="parameters">随同请求POST的参数名称及参数值字典</param> /// <param name="cookies">随同HTTP请求发送的Cookie信息,如果不需要身份验证可以为空</param> /// <returns></returns> public static HttpWebResponse CreatePostHttpResponse(string url, string parameters, CookieCollection cookies) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(url)) { throw new ArgumentNullException("url"); } HttpWebRequest request = null; Stream stream = null;//用于传参数的流 try { //如果是发送HTTPS请求 if (url.StartsWith("https", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) { ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(CheckValidationResult); request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest; //创建证书文件 System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate objx509 = new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate(Application.StartupPath + @"\\licensefile\zjs.cer"); //添加到请求里 request.ClientCertificates.Add(objx509); request.ProtocolVersion = HttpVersion.Version10; } else { request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest; } request.Method = "POST";//传输方式 request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";//协议 request.UserAgent = DefaultUserAgent;//请求的客户端浏览器信息,默认IE request.Timeout = 6000;//超时时间,写死6秒 //随同HTTP请求发送的Cookie信息,如果不需要身份验证可以为空 if (cookies != null) { request.CookieContainer = new CookieContainer(); request.CookieContainer.Add(cookies); } //如果需求POST传数据,转换成utf-8编码 byte[] data = requestEncoding.GetBytes(parameters); request.ContentLength = data.Length; stream = request.GetRequestStream(); stream.Write(data, 0, data.Length); stream.Close(); } catch (Exception ee) { //写日志 //LogHelper. } finally { if (stream != null) { stream.Close(); } } return request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse; } //验证服务器证书回调自动验证 private static bool CheckValidationResult(object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors errors) { return true; //总是接受 } /// <summary> /// 获取数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="HttpWebResponse">响应对象</param> /// <returns></returns> public static string OpenReadWithHttps(HttpWebResponse HttpWebResponse) { Stream responseStream = null; StreamReader sReader = null; String value = null; try { // 获取响应流 responseStream = HttpWebResponse.GetResponseStream(); // 对接响应流(以"utf-8"字符集) sReader = new StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8")); // 开始读取数据 value = sReader.ReadToEnd(); } catch (Exception) { //日志异常 } finally { //强制关闭 if (sReader != null) { sReader.Close(); } if (responseStream != null) { responseStream.Close(); } if (HttpWebResponse != null) { HttpWebResponse.Close(); } } return value; } /// <summary> /// 入口方法:获取传回来的XML文件 /// </summary> /// <param name="url">请求的URL</param> /// <param name="parameters">随同请求POST的参数名称及参数值字典</param> /// <param name="cookies">随同HTTP请求发送的Cookie信息,如果不需要身份验证可以为空</param> /// <returns></returns> public static string GetResultXML(string url, string parameters, CookieCollection cookies) { return OpenReadWithHttps(CreatePostHttpResponse(url, parameters, cookies)); } } }
调用实例:
/// 调用主程序 /// </summary> public class Program { static string strUrlPre = ; // 测试环境Url static string strKey = ;// 签名密钥 static string strMethod = ;// 方法编号 static void Main(string[] args) { //MessageBox.Show("请注意,马上将进行保存操作!"); StringBuilder sbRequestData =;//请求参数 // 发送请求 StringBuilder sbUrl = new StringBuilder(); // 请求URL内容 sbUrl.Append(strUrlPre); sbUrl.Append("?"); sbUrl.Append("sign=" + strKeyMD5); sbUrl.Append("&" + sbSystemArgs.ToString()); String strUrl = sbUrl.ToString(); //解析xml文件 string resultXML = HttpWebResponseUtility.GetResultXML(sbUrl.ToString(), sbRequestData.ToString(), null); } }