MQTT 用 python 发消息的例子

在MQTT官网给的 pub_wss.py 例子中修改

第一步要安装 paho-mqtt

pip install paho-mqtt

第二步开始写代码

改写自己的用户名和密码

BROKER = '*******.ala.cn-hangzhou.emqxsl.cn'    //改成自己的连接地址

USERNAME = '**************' //用户名
PASSWORD = '*************'  //密码

注意这句是 改使用 v1 回调 API（与旧版本的库一起使用）。

原因：Release 2.0.0 包含重大更改；这意味着，如果没有一些（最小的）修改，为 v1.x 编写的代码将无法工作。

由于 v2.0.0几天前才发布，大多数示例（包括您引用的示例）将无法工作。

原代码

client = mqtt_client.Client(CLIENT_ID, transport='websockets')

运行报错

要改为

client = mqtt.Client(client_id=CLIENT_ID, transport='websockets',callback_api_version=mqtt.CallbackAPIVersion.VERSION1)

这个密钥在官网下载，放在与python文件同一目录下

client.tls_set(ca_certs='./emqxsl-ca.crt')

完整代码

# python 3.x

import json
import logging
import random
import time

from paho.mqtt import client as mqtt_client

BROKER = '********.ala.cn-hangzhou.emqxsl.cn'
PORT = 8084
TOPIC = "python-mqtt/wss"
# generate client ID with pub prefix randomly
CLIENT_ID = f'python-mqtt-wss-pub-{random.randint(0, 1000)}'
USERNAME = '*******'
PASSWORD = '*******'

FIRST_RECONNECT_DELAY = 1
RECONNECT_RATE = 2
MAX_RECONNECT_COUNT = 12
MAX_RECONNECT_DELAY = 60

FLAG_EXIT = False


def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
    if rc == 0 and client.is_connected():
        print("Connected to MQTT Broker!")
    else:
        print(f'Failed to connect, return code {rc}')


def on_disconnect(client, userdata, rc):
    logging.info("Disconnected with result code: %s", rc)
    reconnect_count, reconnect_delay = 0, FIRST_RECONNECT_DELAY
    while reconnect_count < MAX_RECONNECT_COUNT:
        logging.info("Reconnecting in %d seconds...", reconnect_delay)
        time.sleep(reconnect_delay)

        try:
            client.reconnect()
            logging.info("Reconnected successfully!")
            return
        except Exception as err:
            logging.error("%s. Reconnect failed. Retrying...", err)

        reconnect_delay *= RECONNECT_RATE
        reconnect_delay = min(reconnect_delay, MAX_RECONNECT_DELAY)
        reconnect_count += 1
    logging.info("Reconnect failed after %s attempts. Exiting...", reconnect_count)
    global FLAG_EXIT
    FLAG_EXIT = True


def connect_mqtt():
    client = mqtt_client.Client(client_id=CLIENT_ID, transport='websockets',callback_api_version=mqtt_client.CallbackAPIVersion.VERSION1)
    #client = mqtt_client.Client(CLIENT_ID, transport='websockets')
    client.tls_set(ca_certs='./emqxsl-ca.crt')
    #client.tls_set(ca_certs='./broker.emqx.io-ca.crt')
    client.username_pw_set(USERNAME, PASSWORD)
    client.on_connect = on_connect
    client.connect(BROKER, PORT, keepalive=120)
    client.on_disconnect = on_disconnect
    return client


def publish(client):
    msg_count = 0
    while not FLAG_EXIT:
        msg_dict = {
            'msg': msg_count
        }
        msg = json.dumps(msg_dict)
        if not client.is_connected():
            logging.error("publish: MQTT client is not connected!")
            time.sleep(1)
            continue
        result = client.publish(TOPIC, msg)
        # result: [0, 1]
        status = result[0]
        if status == 0:
            print(f'Send `{msg}` to topic `{TOPIC}`')
        else:
            print(f'Failed to send message to topic {TOPIC}')
        msg_count += 1
        time.sleep(1)


def run():
    logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s: %(message)s',
                        level=logging.DEBUG)
    client = connect_mqtt()
    client.loop_start()
    time.sleep(1)
    if client.is_connected():
        publish(client)
    else:
        client.loop_stop()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()