【3】综合案例:学生信息管理
1、新建学生类
package com.fiona.model; public class Student { // 成员属性:学号、姓名、性别、年龄、专业 private String studentNo; private String studentName; private String studentSex; private int studentAge; private Subject studentSubject;//当前学生的专业信息(关联方法三) // 无参构造方法 public Student() { } //多参构造方法,实现对学号、姓名、性别、年龄的赋值 public Student(String studentNo, String studentName, String studentSex, int studentAge) { this.setStudentNo(studentNo); this.setStudentName(studentName); this.setStudentSex(studentSex); this.setStudentAge(studentAge); } // 多参构造方法,实现对全部属性的赋值 public Student(String studentNo, String studentName, String studentSex, int studentAge,Subject studentSubject) { this.setStudentNo(studentNo); this.setStudentName(studentName); this.setStudentSex(studentSex); this.setStudentAge(studentAge); // this.studentAge=studentAge; this.setStudentSubject(studentSubject); } public String getStudentNo() { return studentNo; } public void setStudentNo(String studentNo) { this.studentNo = studentNo; } public String getStudentName() { return studentName; } public void setStudentName(String studentName) { this.studentName = studentName; } public String getStudentSex() { return studentSex; } public void setStudentSex(String studentSex) { // 限制性别只能是“男”或者“女”,反之,强制赋值为“男” if(studentSex=="男"||studentSex=="女") this.studentSex = studentSex; else this.studentSex="男"; } public int getStudentAge() { return studentAge; } /** * 给年龄赋值,限定必须在10--100之间,反之赋值为18 * @param studentAge 传入的年龄 */ public void setStudentAge(int studentAge) { if (studentAge < 10 || studentAge > 100) this.studentAge = 18; else this.studentAge = studentAge; } /** * 获取专业对象,如果没有实例化,先实例化后再返回 * @return 专业对象信息 */ public Subject getStudentSubject() { if(this.studentSubject==null) this.studentSubject=new Subject(); return studentSubject; } public void setStudentSubject(Subject studentSubject) { this.studentSubject = studentSubject; } /** * * 关联方法三:专业作为成员属性传入,两次调用(属性、构造方法、get、set方法,return语句做判断是否实例化需要修改) *学生自我介绍的方法 * @return 自我介绍的信息,包括姓名、学号、性别、年龄 */ public String introduction() { String str = "学生信息如下:\n姓名:" + this.getStudentName() + "\n学号:" + this.getStudentNo() + "\n性别:" + this.getStudentSex() + "\n年龄:" + this.getStudentAge()+ "\n所报专业名称:" + this.getStudentSubject().getSubjectName() + "\n学制年限:" + this.getStudentSubject().getSubjectLife(); return str; } /** * 关联方法一:除以上的参数外,再添加两个参数,由schooltest传入 * 学生自我介绍的方法 * @param subjectName 所学专业名称 * @param subjectLife 学制年限 * @return 自我介绍的信息,包括姓名、学号、性别、年龄、所学专业名称、学制年限 */ public String introduction(String subjectName, int subjectLife) { String str = "学生信息如下:\n姓名:" + this.getStudentName() + "\n学号:" + this.getStudentNo() + "\n性别:" + this.getStudentSex() + "\n年龄:" + this.getStudentAge() + "\n所报专业名称:" + subjectName + "\n学制年限:" + subjectLife; return str; } /** * 关联方法二:传入对象,可以获取到对象所有的信息 * 学生自我介绍的方法 * @param mySubject 所选专业的对象 * @return自我介绍的信息,包括姓名、学号、性别、年龄、所学专业名称、学制年限 */ public String introduction(Subject mySubject){ String str = "学生信息如下:\n姓名:" + this.getStudentName() + "\n学号:" + this.getStudentNo() + "\n性别:" + this.getStudentSex() + "\n年龄:" + this.getStudentAge() + "\n所报专业名称:" + mySubject.getSubjectName() + "\n学制年限:" + mySubject.getSubjectLife()+"\n专业编号:"+mySubject.getSubjectNo(); return str; } }
2、新建专业类
package com.fiona.model; /** * 专业类(学科类) */ public class Subject { // 成员属性:学科名称、学科编号、学制年限、报名选修的学生信息、报名选修的学生个数 private String subjectName; private String subjectNo; private int subjectLife; private Student[] myStudents; private int studentNum; // 无参构造方法 public Subject() { } // 带参构造,实现对全部属性的赋值 public Subject(String subjectName, String subjectNo, int subjectLife) { // this.subjectName=subjectName;//属性赋值 this.setSubjectName(subjectName);//方法赋值,安全性高,推荐 this.setSubjectNo(subjectNo); this.setSubjectLife(subjectLife); } public void setSubjectName(String subjectName) { this.subjectName = subjectName; } public String getSubjectName() { return this.subjectName; } public String getSubjectNo() { return subjectNo; } public void setSubjectNo(String subjectNo) { this.subjectNo = subjectNo; } public int getSubjectLife() { return subjectLife; } // 设置学制年限,限制必须>0 public void setSubjectLife(int subjectLife) { if (subjectLife <= 0) return;//如小于等于0,直接结束,返回整型的默认值0 this.subjectLife = subjectLife; } /** * 获取选修专业的学生信息 如果保存学生信息的数组未被初始化,则,先初始化长度200 * @return 保存学生信息的数组 */ public Student[] getMyStudents() { if(this.myStudents==null) this.myStudents=new Student[200]; return myStudents; } public void setMyStudents(Student[] myStudents) { this.myStudents = myStudents; } public int getStudentNum() { return studentNum; } public void setStudentNum(int studentNum) { this.studentNum = studentNum; } /** * 专业介绍的方法 * @return 专业介绍的相关信息,包括名称、编号、年限 */ public String info() { String str = "专业信息如下:\n专业名称:" + this.getSubjectName() + "\n专业编号:" + this.getSubjectNo() + "\n学制年限:" + this.getSubjectLife() + "年"; return str; } public void addStudent(Student stu){ /* * 1、将学生保存到数组中 * 2、将学生个数保存到studentNum * */ //1、将学生保存到数组中 for(int i=0;i<this.getMyStudents().length;i++){ if(this.getMyStudents()[i]==null){ stu.setStudentSubject(this); this.getMyStudents()[i]=stu; //2、将学生个数保存到studentNum this.studentNum=i+1; return; } } } }
3、新建测试类,和上面的两个类不在一个包内
package com.fiona.test; import com.fiona.model.Student; import com.fiona.model.Subject; public class SchoolTest { public static void main(String[] args) { //测试Subject Subject sub1=new Subject("计算机科学与应用","J0001",4); System.out.println(sub1.info()); System.out.println("================================"); // 测试Student //不做关联 // Student stu1=new Student("S01","张三","男",200); // System.out.println(stu1.introduction()); //关联方法三:在student类中增加成员属性 //专业成为了学生的特征,是个学生就要有专业,关联性更强 Student stu1=new Student("S01","张三","男",200,sub1); System.out.println(stu1.introduction()); System.out.println("================================"); //关联方案一:传入参数 Student stu2=new Student("S02","李四","女",17); System.out.println(stu2.introduction("计算机科学与应用", 4)); System.out.println("================================"); //关联方案二:传入对象 Student stu3=new Student("S03","王五","男",18); System.out.println(stu3.introduction(sub1));//把上面传的sub1放这里 System.out.println("================================"); //测试指定专业中到底有多少学生报名 sub1.addStudent(stu1); sub1.addStudent(stu2); sub1.addStudent(stu3); System.out.println(sub1.getSubjectName()+"的专业中已有"+sub1.getStudentNum()+"学生进行了报名"); } }