json 详解 【转】
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)一种简单的数据格式,比xml更轻巧。 JSON 是 JavaScript 原生格式,这意味着在 JavaScript 中处理 JSON 数据不需要任何特殊的 API 或工具包。
JSON的规则很简单: 对象是一个无序的“‘名称/值’对”集合。一个对象以“{”(左括号)开始,“}”(右括号)结束。每个“名称”后跟一个“:”(冒号);“‘名称/值’ 对”之间使用“,”(逗号)分隔。具体细节参考http://www.json.org/json-zh.html
举个简单的例子:
- function showJSON() {
- var user =
- {
- "username":"andy",
- "age":20,
- "info": { "tel": "123456", "cellphone": "98765"},
- "address":
- [
- {"city":"beijing","postcode":"222333"},
- {"city":"newyork","postcode":"555666"}
- ]
- }
- alert(user.username);
- alert(user.age);
- alert(user.info.cellphone);
- alert(user.address[0].city);
- alert(user.address[0].postcode);
- }
这表示一个user对象,拥有username, age, info, address 等属性。
同样也可以用JSON来简单的修改数据,修改上面的例子
- function showJSON() {
- var user =
- {
- "username":"andy",
- "age":20,
- "info": { "tel": "123456", "cellphone": "98765"},
- "address":
- [
- {"city":"beijing","postcode":"222333"},
- {"city":"newyork","postcode":"555666"}
- ]
- }
- alert(user.username);
- alert(user.age);
- alert(user.info.cellphone);
- alert(user.address[0].city);
- alert(user.address[0].postcode);
- user.username = "Tom";
- alert(user.username);
- }
JSON提供了json.js包,下载http://www.json.org/json.js 后,将其引入然后就可以简单的使用object.toJSONString()转换成JSON数据。
- function showCar() {
- var carr = new Car("Dodge", "Coronet R/T", 1968, "yellow");
- alert(carr.toJSONString());
- }
- function Car(make, model, year, color) {
- this.make = make;
- this.model = model;
- this.year = year;
- this.color = color;
- }
可以使用eval来转换JSON字符到Object
- function myEval() {
- var str = '{ "name": "Violet", "occupation": "character" }';
- var obj = eval('(' + str + ')');
- alert(obj.toJSONString());
- }
或者使用parseJSON()方法
- function myEval() {
- var str = '{ "name": "Violet", "occupation": "character" }';
- var obj = str.parseJSON();
- alert(obj.toJSONString());
- }
下面使用prototype写一个JSON的ajax例子。
先写一个servlet (我的是servlet.ajax.JSONTest1.java)就写一句话- response.getWriter().print("{ \"name\": \"Violet\", \"occupation\": \"character\" }");
再在页面中写一个ajax的请求
- function sendRequest() {
- var url = "/MyWebApp/JSONTest1";
- var mailAjax = new Ajax.Request(
- url,
- {
- method: 'get',
- onComplete: jsonResponse
- }
- );
- }
- function jsonResponse(originalRequest) {
- alert(originalRequest.responseText);
- var myobj = originalRequest.responseText.parseJSON();
- alert(myobj.name);
- }
prototype-<st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899">1.5.1</st1:chsdate>.js中提供了JSON的方法,String.evalJSON(), 可以不使用json.js, 修改上面的方法
- function jsonResponse(originalRequest) {
- alert(originalRequest.responseText);
- var myobj = originalRequest.responseText.evalJSON(true);
- alert(myobj.name);
- }
JSON还提供了java的jar包 http://www.json.org/java/index.html API也很简单,下面举个例子
在javascript中填加请求参数
- function sendRequest() {
- var carr = new Car("Dodge", "Coronet R/T", 1968, "yellow");
- var pars = "car=" + carr.toJSONString();
- var url = "/MyWebApp/JSONTest1";
- var mailAjax = new Ajax.Request(
- url,
- {
- method: 'get',
- parameters: pars,
- onComplete: jsonResponse
- }
- );
- }
使用JSON请求字符串就可以简单的生成JSONObject并进行解析,修改servlet添加JSON的处理(要使用json.jar)
- private void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
- String s3 = request.getParameter("car");
- try {
- JSONObject jsonObj = new JSONObject(s3);
- System.out.println(jsonObj.getString("model"));
- System.out.println(jsonObj.getInt("year"));
- } catch (JSONException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- response.getWriter().print("{ \"name\": \"Violet\", \"occupation\": \"character\" }");
- }
同样可以使用JSONObject生成JSON字符串,修改servlet
- private void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
- String s3 = request.getParameter("car");
- try {
- JSONObject jsonObj = new JSONObject(s3);
- System.out.println(jsonObj.getString("model"));
- System.out.println(jsonObj.getInt("year"));
- } catch (JSONException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- JSONObject resultJSON = new JSONObject();
- try {
- resultJSON.append("name", "Violet")
- .append("occupation", "developer")
- .append("age", new Integer(22));
- System.out.println(resultJSON.toString());
- } catch (JSONException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- response.getWriter().print(resultJSON.toString());
- }
- function jsonResponse(originalRequest) {
- alert(originalRequest.responseText);
- var myobj = originalRequest.responseText.evalJSON(true);
- alert(myobj.name);
- alert(myobj.age);
- }
参考
http://www.blogjava.net/Jkallen/archive/2006/03/28/37905.html
http://www.prototypejs.org/learn/json
http://www.json.org/java/index.html
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/web/wa-ajaxintro10/index.html