用二进制包方式安装GreatSQL数据库
转载自：https://greatsql.cn/docs/user-manual/4-install-guide/4-3-install-with-tarball.html
假定本次安装是在CentOS 8.x x86_64环境中安装，并且是以root用户身份执行安装操作。
在开始安装前，请根据文档 安装准备 已经完成准备工作。
也就是 《安装 GreatSQL 之前需要先准备的运行环境说明》
1. MGR集群规划
本次计划在3台服务器上安装GreatSQL数据库并部署MGR集群：
| node | ip | datadir | port | role |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GreatSQL-01 | 172.16.16.10 | /data/GreatSQL/ | 3306 | PRIMARY |
| GreatSQL-02 | 172.16.16.11 | /data/GreatSQL/ | 3306 | SECONDARY |
| GreatSQL-03 | 172.16.16.12 | /data/GreatSQL/ | 3306 | ARBITRATOR |
以下安装配置工作先在三个节点都同样操作一遍。
2. 下载安装包
下载地址：https://gitee.com/GreatSQL/GreatSQL/releases/
下载最新的安装包，下载以下几个就可以：
-GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz
将下载的二进制包放到安装目录下，并解压缩：
$ cd /usr/local
$ curl -o GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz https://product.greatdb.com/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz
$ tar xf GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz
3. 启动前准备
3.1 修改 /etc/my.cnf 配置文件
参考这份文件，可根据实际情况修改，一般主要涉及数据库文件分区、目录，内存配置等少数几个选项。以下面这份为例：
#my.cnf
[client]
user = root
datadir = /data/GreatSQL/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3306
#主从复制或MGR集群中，server_id记得要不同
#另外，实例启动时会生成 auto.cnf，里面的 server_uuid 值也要不同
#server_uuid的值还可以自己手动指定，只要符合uuid的格式标准就可以
server_id = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64
datadir = /data/GreatSQL
socket = mysql.sock
pid-file = mysql.pid
character-set-server = UTF8MB4
skip_name_resolve = 1
#若你的MySQL数据库主要运行在境外，请务必根据实际情况调整本参数
default_time_zone = "+8:00"
#performance setttings
lock_wait_timeout = 3600
open_files_limit = 65535
back_log = 1024
max_connections = 512
max_connect_errors = 1000000
table_open_cache = 1024
table_definition_cache = 1024
thread_stack = 512K
sort_buffer_size = 4M
join_buffer_size = 4M
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 768
interactive_timeout = 600
wait_timeout = 600
tmp_table_size = 32M
max_heap_table_size = 32M
#log settings
log_timestamps = SYSTEM
log_error = error.log
log_error_verbosity = 3
slow_query_log = 1
log_slow_extra = 1
slow_query_log_file = slow.log
long_query_time = 0.1
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 60
min_examined_row_limit = 100
log_slow_admin_statements = 1
log_slow_slave_statements = 1
log_bin = binlog
binlog_format = ROW
sync_binlog = 1
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_cache_size = 2G
max_binlog_size = 1G
binlog_rows_query_log_events = 1
binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 604800
#MySQL 8.0.22前，想启用MGR的话，需要设置binlog_checksum=NONE才行
binlog_checksum = CRC32
gtid_mode = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = TRUE
#myisam settings
key_buffer_size = 32M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
#replication settings
relay_log_recovery = 1
slave_parallel_type = LOGICAL_CLOCK
#可以设置为逻辑CPU数量的2倍
slave_parallel_workers = 64
binlog_transaction_dependency_tracking = WRITESET
slave_preserve_commit_order = 1
slave_checkpoint_period = 2
#mgr settings
loose-plugin_load_add = 'mysql_clone.so'
loose-plugin_load_add = 'group_replication.so'
loose-group_replication_group_name = "aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaa1"
#MGR本地节点IP:PORT，请自行替换
loose-group_replication_local_address = "172.16.16.10:33061"
#MGR集群所有节点IP:PORT，请自行替换
loose-group_replication_group_seeds = "172.16.16.10:33061,172.16.16.11:33061,172.16.16.12:33061"
loose-group_replication_start_on_boot = OFF
loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group = OFF
loose-group_replication_exit_state_action = READ_ONLY
loose-group_replication_flow_control_mode = "DISABLED"
loose-group_replication_single_primary_mode = ON
loose-group_replication_majority_after_mode = ON
loose-group_replication_communication_max_message_size = 10M
loose-group_replication_arbitrator = 0
loose-group_replication_single_primary_fast_mode = 1
loose-group_replication_request_time_threshold = 100
loose-group_replication_primary_election_mode = GTID_FIRST
loose-group_replication_unreachable_majority_timeout = 30
loose-group_replication_member_expel_timeout = 5
loose-group_replication_autorejoin_tries = 288
report_host = "172.16.16.10"
#innodb settings
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M
innodb_log_file_size = 2G
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_undo_log_size = 4G
# 根据您的服务器IOPS能力适当调整
# 一般配普通SSD盘的话，可以调整到 10000 - 20000
# 配置高端PCIe SSD卡的话，则可以调整的更高，比如 50000 - 80000
innodb_io_capacity = 4000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000
innodb_open_files = 65535
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_lru_scan_depth = 4000
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 10
innodb_rollback_on_timeout = 1
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
innodb_online_alter_log_max_size = 4G
innodb_print_ddl_logs = 1
innodb_status_file = 1
#注意: 开启 innodb_status_output & innodb_status_output_locks 后, 可能会导致log_error文件增长较快
innodb_status_output = 0
innodb_status_output_locks = 1
innodb_sort_buffer_size = 67108864
#innodb monitor settings
innodb_monitor_enable = "module_innodb"
innodb_monitor_enable = "module_server"
innodb_monitor_enable = "module_dml"
innodb_monitor_enable = "module_ddl"
innodb_monitor_enable = "module_trx"
innodb_monitor_enable = "module_os"
innodb_monitor_enable = "module_purge"
innodb_monitor_enable = "module_log"
innodb_monitor_enable = "module_lock"
innodb_monitor_enable = "module_buffer"
innodb_monitor_enable = "module_index"
innodb_monitor_enable = "module_ibuf_system"
innodb_monitor_enable = "module_buffer_page"
innodb_monitor_enable = "module_adaptive_hash"
#innodb parallel query
force_parallel_execute = OFF
parallel_default_dop = 8
parallel_max_threads = 96
temptable_max_ram = 8G
#pfs settings
performance_schema = 1
#performance_schema_instrument = '%memory%=on'
performance_schema_instrument = '%lock%=on'
3.2 新建mysql用户
$ /sbin/groupadd mysql
$ /sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql -d /dev/null -s /sbin/nologin
3.3 新建数据库主目录，并修改权限模式及属主
$ mkdir -p /data/GreatSQL
$ chown -R mysql:mysql /data/GreatSQL
$ chmod -R 700 /data/GreatSQL
3.4 增加GreatSQL系统服务
$ vim /lib/systemd/system/greatsql.service
[Unit]
Description=GreatSQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
# some limits
# file size
LimitFSIZE=infinity
# cpu time
LimitCPU=infinity
# virtual memory size
LimitAS=infinity
# open files
LimitNOFILE=65535
# processes/threads
LimitNPROC=65535
# locked memory
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
# total threads (user+kernel)
TasksMax=infinity
TasksAccounting=false
User=mysql
Group=mysql
Type=notify
TimeoutSec=0
PermissionsStartOnly=true
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd
ExecStart=/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql
LimitNOFILE = 10000
Restart=on-failure
RestartPreventExitStatus=1
Environment=MYSQLD_PARENT_PID=1
PrivateTmp=false
务必确认文件中目录及文件名是否正确。
执行命令重载systemd，加入 greatsql 服务，如果没问题就不会报错：
$ systemctl daemon-reload
这就安装成功并将GreatSQL添加到系统服务中，后面可以用 systemctl 来管理GreatSQL服务。
3.5 下载mysqld_pre_systemd文件
GreatSQL二进制包中没有自带 mysqld_pre_systemd 脚本文件，需要自行下载。
点击本链接复制脚本内容，并保存成文件 /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd，确认第25行附近 MYSQL_BASEDIR 所指的路径是否正确：
MYSQL_BASEDIR = /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64
之后修改文件属性，加上可执行权限：
$ chmod ug+x /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd
mysqld_pre_systemd文件内容：
#! /bin/bash
# Copyright (c) 2015, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0,
# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
# This program is also distributed with certain software (including
# but not limited to OpenSSL) that is licensed under separate terms,
# as designated in a particular file or component or in included license
# documentation. The authors of MySQL hereby grant you an additional
# permission to link the program and your derivative works with the
# separately licensed software that they have included with MySQL.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License, version 2.0, for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
MYSQL_BASEDIR=/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64
# Script used by systemd mysqld.service to run before executing mysqld
get_option () {
local section=$1
local option=$2
local default=$3
local instance=$4
ret=$(${MYSQL_BASEDIR}/bin/my_print_defaults ${instance:+--defaults-group-suffix=@$instance} $section | \
grep '^--'${option}'=' | cut -d= -f2- | tail -n 1)
[ -z "$ret" ] && ret=$default
echo $ret
}
install_validate_password_sql_file () {
local initfile
initfile="$(mktemp /var/lib/mysql-files/install-validate-password-plugin.XXXXXX.sql)"
chmod a+r "$initfile"
echo "SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN=0;" > "$initfile"
echo "INSERT INTO mysql.component (component_id, component_group_id, component_urn) VALUES (1, 1, 'file://component_validate_password');" >> $initfile
echo $initfile
}
fix_mysql_upgrade_info () {
datadir=$(get_option mysqld datadir "/var/lib/mysql${instance:+-$instance}" $instance)
if [ -d "$datadir" ] && [ -O "$datadir/mysql_upgrade_info" ]; then
chown --reference="$datadir" "$datadir/mysql_upgrade_info"
if [ -x /usr/bin/chcon ]; then
/usr/bin/chcon --reference="$datadir" "$datadir/mysql_upgrade_info" > /dev/null 2>&1
fi
fi
}
install_db () {
# Note: something different than datadir=/var/lib/mysql requires SELinux policy changes (in enforcing mode)
# mysql_upgrade_info file should be owned by mysql user since MySQL 8.0.16
fix_mysql_upgrade_info
# No automatic init wanted
[ -e /etc/sysconfig/mysql ] && . /etc/sysconfig/mysql
[ -n "$NO_INIT" ] && exit 0
local instance=$1
datadir=$(get_option mysqld datadir "/var/lib/mysql${instance:+-$instance}" $instance)
log=$(get_option mysqld 'log[_-]error' "/var/log/mysql${instance:+-$instance}.log" $instance)
# Restore log, dir, perms and SELinux contexts
if [ ! -d "$datadir" -a ! -h "$datadir" -a "x$(dirname "$datadir")" = "x/var/lib" ]; then
install -d -m 0751 -omysql -gmysql "$datadir" || exit 1
fi
if [ ! -e "$log" -a ! -h "$log" -a x$(dirname "$log") = "x/var/log" ]; then
case $(basename "$log") in
mysql*.log) install /dev/null -m0640 -omysql -gmysql "$log" ;;
*) ;;
esac
fi
if [ -x /usr/sbin/restorecon ]; then
/usr/sbin/restorecon "$datadir"
[ -e "$log" ] && /usr/sbin/restorecon "$log"
for dir in /var/lib/mysql-files /var/lib/mysql-keyring ; do
if [ -x /usr/sbin/semanage -a -d /var/lib/mysql -a -d $dir ] ; then
/usr/sbin/semanage fcontext -a -e /var/lib/mysql $dir >/dev/null 2>&1
/sbin/restorecon -r $dir
fi
done
fi
# If special mysql dir is in place, skip db install
[ -d "$datadir/mysql" ] && exit 0
# Create initial db and install validate_password plugin
#initfile="$(install_validate_password_sql_file)"
${MYSQL_BASEDIR}/bin/mysqld ${instance:+--defaults-group-suffix=@$instance} --initialize-insecure \
--datadir="$datadir" --user=mysql
#rm -f "$initfile"
# Generate certs if needed
if [ -x ${MYSQL_BASEDIR}/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup -a ! -e "${datadir}/server-key.pem" ] ; then
${MYSQL_BASEDIR}/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir="$datadir" --uid=mysql >/dev/null 2>&1
fi
exit 0
}
install_db $1
exit 0
4. 启动GreatSQL
执行下面的命令启动GreatSQL服务
$ systemctl start greatsql
检查服务是否已启动，以及进程状态：
$ systemctl status greatsql
● greatsql.service - GreatSQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/greatsql.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2022-07-12 10:08:06 CST; 6min ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 60129 ExecStartPre=/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 60231 (mysqld)
Status: "Server is operational"
Tasks: 49 (limit: 149064)
Memory: 5.6G
CGroup: /system.slice/greatsql.service
└─60231 /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld
Jul 12 10:07:58 db170 systemd[1]: Starting GreatSQL Server...
Jul 12 10:08:06 db170 systemd[1]: Started GreatSQL Server.
$ ps -ef | grep mysqld
mysql 60231 1 2 10:08 ? 00:00:10 /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld
$ ss -lntp | grep mysqld
LISTEN 0 70 *:33060 *:* users:(("mysqld",pid=60231,fd=38))
LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:* users:(("mysqld",pid=60231,fd=43))
# 查看数据库文件
$ ls /data/GreatSQL
auto.cnf client-key.pem '#ib_16384_14.dblwr' '#ib_16384_6.dblwr' ib_logfile1 mysql.pid server-key.pem
binlog.000001 error.log '#ib_16384_15.dblwr' '#ib_16384_7.dblwr' ib_logfile2 mysql.sock slow.log
binlog.000002 '#ib_16384_0.dblwr' '#ib_16384_1.dblwr' '#ib_16384_8.dblwr' ibtmp1 mysql.sock.lock sys
binlog.index '#ib_16384_10.dblwr' '#ib_16384_2.dblwr' '#ib_16384_9.dblwr' innodb_status.60231 performance_schema undo_001
ca-key.pem '#ib_16384_11.dblwr' '#ib_16384_3.dblwr' ib_buffer_pool '#innodb_temp' private_key.pem undo_002
ca.pem '#ib_16384_12.dblwr' '#ib_16384_4.dblwr' ibdata1 mysql public_key.pem
client-cert.pem '#ib_16384_13.dblwr' '#ib_16384_5.dblwr' ib_logfile0 mysql.ibd server-cert.pem
可以看到，GreatSQL服务已经正常启动了。
5. 连接登入GreatSQL
二进制包方式安装GreatSQL后，初始化的root密码是空的，可以直接登入并修改成安全密码：
$ mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.25-16 GreatSQL, Release 16, Revision 8bb0e5af297
...
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> alter user user() identified by 'GreatSQL@2022'; #<--修改密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> \s
--------------
mysql Ver 8.0.25-16 for Linux on x86_64 (GreatSQL (GPL), Release 16, Revision 8bb0e5af297)
Connection id: 8
Current database:
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 8.0.25-16
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8mb4
Db characterset: utf8mb4
Client characterset: utf8mb4
Conn. characterset: utf8mb4
UNIX socket: /data/GreatSQL/mysql.sock
Binary data as: Hexadecimal
Uptime: 20 min 8 sec
Threads: 2 Questions: 19 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 137 Flush tables: 3 Open tables: 53 Queries per second avg: 0.020
--------------
GreatSQL数据库安装并初始化完毕。
接下来安装MySQL Shell，以及进行MGR初始化等操作和用RPM包方式安装一样，这里就不赘述了。
参考文档RPM安装并构建MGR集群，从这节开始及往后内容即可。
