MySQL 安装(二进制版)
MySQL 的安装方式一般分为三种，二进制版本、编译版本、RPM 包。比较常见的是二进制版本安装，方便简单，相对于编译安装，如果不是追求极致性能，使用起来差别不大。本次教程以二进制版本为例，系统为 centos6.8，MySQL 版本为5.7.20。
下载安装包
先去官网下载二进制安装包，进入官网下载页面 mysql下载页面，点击下载 5.7.20 二进制 64 位版本
下载完成，把安装包移到目标 Linux 下
环境准备
1 安装依赖
yum install libaio numactl -y
2 创建用户以及用户组
groupadd mysql
useradd -m -r -g mysql mysql
3 配置 ulimit
我们一般使用 mysql 用户启动数据库，如果不设置文件打开数和进程数，后期会有问题
打开 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件，在文件末尾写上
mysql soft nproc 65536
mysql hard nproc 65536
mysql soft nofile 65536
mysql hard nofile 65536
打开 /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf 把参数调整为
* soft nproc 65536
root soft nproc unlimited
* soft nofile 65536
root soft nofile unlimited
4 在 hosts 文件加上本机解析
如果不设置 hosts 本机解析，偶然会出现一些诡异的问题，所以还是加上比较好
host_ip=$(ifconfig | grep inet | grep cast | awk '{print $2}' | awk -F: '{print $NF}' | head -1)
echo "$host_ip `hostname`" >> /etc/hosts
5 开启时间同步
时间同步对于数据库来说非常重要，请保证所有数据库节点时间是一致的
yum install -y ntp
service ntpd start
6 关闭 iptable
数据库一般不允许通外网，如果对防火墙不是很熟悉，可以关掉; 如果网络环境不够安全，可以开启
service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off
7 关闭 selinux
selinux 可能会造成无法写入数据，如果对它不熟悉，建议关掉
查看 selinux 状态
getenforce
临时关闭
setenforce 0
永久关闭
打开 /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=enforcing 改为 SELINUX=disabled
安装
这次安装数据目录为 /data/mysql_db/，日志目录为 /data/mysql_log/，实例名为 mysql_test，启动用户为 mysql
1 解压文件
把二进制文件解压出来，放到 /user/local/ 目录下
tar -xvzf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql57
如果想要全局访问到 mysql 客户端，可以把 /usr/local/mysql57/bin 加入系统路径，我这里采取直接创建软连接的方式
ln -s /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog
2 创建数据和日志目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql_db/mysql_test
mkdir -p /data/mysql_log/mysql_test
3 初始化目录
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql_db/mysql_test --user=mysql
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql_db/mysql_test
正常输出
[root@mysql-test ~]# /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql_db/mysql_test --user=mysql
2018-06-03T05:19:31.469841Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-06-03T05:19:32.525091Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-06-03T05:19:32.751099Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-06-03T05:19:32.861647Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: b2d883be-66ed-11e8-bd72-90b11c1a653a.
2018-06-03T05:19:32.877177Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2018-06-03T05:19:32.877705Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
[root@mysql-test ~]# /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql_db/mysql_test
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
............................................................................+++
....+++
writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
......................................+++
...........................+++
writing new private key to 'server-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
..............................................................................+++
..................................................+++
writing new private key to 'client-key.pem'
-----
4 生成配置文件
一台机器上有可能会存在多个 MySQL 实例，我们可以把 my.cnf 文件放到对应实例的数据目录下，由于 MySQL 会受到默认配置文件的影响，所以我们要把 /etc/my.cnf 移走, 然后创建新的 my.cnf 文件
rm -f /etc/my.cnf
vim /data/mysql_db/mysql_test/my.cnf
本次安装参考配置，具体参数结合服务器情况调整
# my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set =utf8
socket = /data/mysql_db/mysql_test/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
datadir = /data/mysql_db/mysql_test
basedir = /usr/local/mysql57
tmpdir = /tmp
socket = /data/mysql_db/mysql_test/mysql.sock
pid-file = /data/mysql_db/mysql_test/mysql.pid
skip-external-locking = 1
skip-name-resolve = 1
port = 3306
server_id = 1
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
character-set-server = utf8
default_password_lifetime=0
#### log ####
binlog_cache_size = 16M
log_bin = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-bin
log_bin_index = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-bin.index
binlog_format = row
expire_logs_days = 15
relay_log_recovery=ON
relay_log=/data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-relay-bin
relay_log_index=/data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-relay-bin.index
log_error = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-error.log
log_queries_not_using_indexes = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/nouseindex.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-slow.log
#### innodb ####
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/
innodb_undo_directory = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/
innodb_undo_logs = 128
innodb_flush_neighbors = 1
innodb_log_file_size = 1G
innodb_file_per_table = on
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 1G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
log_timestamps=system
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 64M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer = 16M
write_buffer = 16M
5 生成启动文件
cp /usr/local/mysql57/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld-test
vim /etc/init.d/mysqld-test
把
basedir=
datadir=
lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"
$bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null &
改为, 手动指定配置文件和数据目录
basedir=/usr/local/mysql57
datadir=/data/mysql_db/mysql_test
default_file=/data/mysql_db/mysql_test/my.cnf
lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql-test"
$bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file="$default_file" --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 &
把数据目录的所有者改为 mysql
chown mysql.mysql /etc/init.d/mysqld-test
chown mysql.mysql -R /data/mysql*
启动实例
们以 mysql 用户来启动
su - mysql
[mysql@chengqm ~]$ /etc/init.d/mysqld-test start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
进入 mysql 客户端
mysql -S /data/mysql_db/mysql_test/mysql.sock
到此，MySQL 已经成功安装并启动, 后续可以修改密码. 如果有报错，查看错误日志，根据具体报错信息进行修改。如果报错日志里面什么也没有，可能是配置文件有问题，或者读到了默认配置。
