使用CEF类库处理HTTP请求
当我们基于CEF开发应用时,可能会有URL请求处理的需求,比如HTTP下载或上传,此时可以利用CEF提供的类库来完成,而不必自己实现或引入其它第三方的类库。
在CEF里为URL Request设计了两组类,一组用于执行网络请求,一组代表请求数据。
URLRequest
CefURLRequest是执行URL请求的类(接口),对应的头文件是cef_urlrequest.h,实现则在libcef/common/urlrequest_impl.cc文件中。
CefURLRequest类的静态方法Create()可以创建并执行一个URL请求。它的原型如下:
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<code> static CefRefPtr<cefurlrequest> Create( CefRefPtr<cefrequest> request, CefRefPtr<cefurlrequestclient> client, CefRefPtr<cefrequestcontext> request_context); </cefrequestcontext></cefurlrequestclient></cefrequest></cefurlrequest></code> |
第一个参数,类型是CefRequest,代表一个URL请求,CEF库内部已经实现了,后面会讲到。
第二个参数,类型是CefURLRequestClient,用于接收服务器返回的状态和数据,需要我们自己继承CefURLRequestClient接口实现一个非抽象类。后面有了。
第三个参数,CefRequestContext,为NULL时内部会自己创建一个合适的Context,不为NULL时就用传入的Context。
Create方法会根据当前是Browser进程还是Renderer进程来创建对应的URLRequest类,CefBrowserURLRequest(browser_urlrequest_impl.h/.cc)或CefRenderURLRequest(render_urlrequest_impl.h/.cc)。
这么分析下来,我们要进行URL请求,实际上要做的工作就是:
构造一个CefRequest,代表我们的请求 写一个类实现CefURLRequestClient接口来处理响应。 调用CefURLRequest::Create()创建一个URL请求处理对象
构造Request
CefRequest类代表了一个URL请求,它里面可以配置方法、URL、头部、上传的数据等。下面的代码片段演示了如何构造一个 CefRequest 对象:
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<code>CefRefPtr<cefpostdata> data = CefPostData::Create(); CefRefPtr<cefpostdataelement> element = CefPostDataElement::Create(); const char szData[] = "Hello World!" ; element->SetToBytes(sizeof(szData) - 1 , ( const void *)szData); data->AddElement(element); CefRequest::HeaderMap headers; headers.insert(std::make_pair( "Content-Type" , "text/plain" )); headers.insert(std::make_pair( "Accept" , "text/plain" )); CefRefPtr<cefrequest> req = CefRequest::Create(); req->SetMethod( "POST" ); req->SetHeaderMap(headers); req->SetPostData(data); </cefrequest></cefpostdataelement></cefpostdata></code> |
与一个请求相关的类和接口,都在cef_request.h中,实现在request_impl.cc中。这些类都有静态的Create方法,可以返回一个代表具体实例的接口,然后就可以接口的方法来定制实例对象,定制后的对象就可以用于URL请求了。
刚才的代码片段演示了如何构造一个CefRequest对象,其中用到了下面的类(接口):
CefRequest,代表了一个URL请求 CefPostData,管理要通过请求发送的数据,它内部维护了多个CefPostDataElement,每个CefPostDataElement代表了一个要发送的数据元素 CefPostDataElement,代表发送的数据,提供了一些接口,可以关联到文件,也可以直接发送字节
想了解至于这些类的接口,打开头文件看看吧。
实现CefURLRequestClient接口
CefURLRequestClient接口的实现可以很简单,我实现了一个简单的UrlRequestClient类。
UrlRequestClient.h如下:
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<code>#ifndef URL_REQUEST_CLIENT_H #define URL_REQUEST_CLIENT_H #include <string> #include "include/cef_urlrequest.h" #include "include/wrapper/cef_helpers.h" class UrlRequestCompletionCallback { public : virtual ~UrlRequestCompletionCallback(){} virtual void OnCompletion(CefURLRequest::ErrorCode errorCode, const std::string& data) = 0 ; }; class UrlRequestClient : public CefURLRequestClient { public : UrlRequestClient() : m_callback( 0 ) { CEF_REQUIRE_UI_THREAD(); } UrlRequestClient(UrlRequestCompletionCallback *callback) : m_callback(callback) { CEF_REQUIRE_UI_THREAD(); } // //interfaces of CefURLRequestClient // void OnRequestComplete(CefRefPtr<cefurlrequest> request) OVERRIDE; void OnUploadProgress(CefRefPtr<cefurlrequest> request, int64 current, int64 total) OVERRIDE; void OnDownloadProgress(CefRefPtr<cefurlrequest> request, int64 current, int64 total) OVERRIDE; void OnDownloadData(CefRefPtr<cefurlrequest> request, const void * data, size_t data_length) OVERRIDE; bool GetAuthCredentials(bool isProxy, const CefString& host, int port, const CefString& realm, const CefString& scheme, CefRefPtr<cefauthcallback> callback) OVERRIDE{ return false ; } void Request(CefRefPtr<cefrequest> cef_request); void Get( const std::string &url, const CefRequest::HeaderMap &headers = CefRequest::HeaderMap()); void Post( const std::string &url, const CefRefPtr<cefpostdata> data, const CefRequest::HeaderMap &headers = CefRequest::HeaderMap()); void SetCompletionCallback(UrlRequestCompletionCallback *callback) { m_callback = callback; } private : UrlRequestCompletionCallback *m_callback; CefRefPtr<cefurlrequest> m_urlRequest; std::string m_data; IMPLEMENT_REFCOUNTING(UrlRequestClient); DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(UrlRequestClient); }; class PrintUrlReqCallback : public UrlRequestCompletionCallback { public : void OnCompletion(CefURLRequest::ErrorCode errorCode, const std::string& data); }; #endif </cefurlrequest></cefpostdata></cefrequest></cefauthcallback></cefurlrequest></cefurlrequest></cefurlrequest></cefurlrequest></string></code> |
UrlRequestClient.cpp内容如下:
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<code>#include "UrlRequestClient.h" #include <windows.h> void UrlRequestClient::OnRequestComplete(CefRefPtr<cefurlrequest> request) { CEF_REQUIRE_UI_THREAD(); if (m_callback) { m_callback->OnCompletion(request->GetRequestError(), m_data); } } void UrlRequestClient::OnUploadProgress(CefRefPtr<cefurlrequest> request, int64 current, int64 total) { } void UrlRequestClient::OnDownloadProgress(CefRefPtr<cefurlrequest> request, int64 current, int64 total) { char szLog[ 128 ] = { 0 }; sprintf_s(szLog, 128 , "UrlRequestClient::OnDownloadProgress, current-%lld, total-%lld\r\n" , current, total); OutputDebugStringA(szLog); } void UrlRequestClient::OnDownloadData(CefRefPtr<cefurlrequest> request, const void * data, size_t data_length) { m_data += std::string(static_cast< const >(data), data_length); } void UrlRequestClient::Request(CefRefPtr<cefrequest> cef_request) { m_urlRequest = CefURLRequest::Create(cef_request, this , NULL); } void UrlRequestClient::Get( const std::string &url, const CefRequest::HeaderMap &headers /*= CefRequest::HeaderMap()*/ ) { CefRefPtr<cefrequest> req = CefRequest::Create(); req->SetURL(url); req->SetMethod( "GET" ); req->SetHeaderMap(headers); Request(req); } void UrlRequestClient::Post( const std::string &url, const CefRefPtr<cefpostdata> data, const CefRequest::HeaderMap &headers /*= CefRequest::HeaderMap()*/ ) { CefRefPtr<cefrequest> req = CefRequest::Create(); req->SetURL(url); req->SetMethod( "POST" ); req->SetHeaderMap(headers); req->SetPostData(data); Request(req); } // // for test // void PrintUrlReqCallback::OnCompletion(CefURLRequest::ErrorCode errorCode, const std::string& data) { char szLog[ 128 ] = { 0 }; sprintf_s(szLog, 128 , "PrintUrlReqCallback::OnCompletion, errorCode = %d, data.len = %d, data:\r\n" , errorCode, data.length()); OutputDebugStringA(szLog); delete this ; } </cefrequest></cefpostdata></cefrequest></cefrequest></ const ></cefurlrequest></cefurlrequest></cefurlrequest></cefurlrequest></windows.h></code> |
UrlRequestClient类可以发起URL请求并处理响应。它的用法类似下面这样(注意要在Browser进程的UI线程使用):
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<code> // Get() test UrlRequestClient *client = new UrlRequestClient( new PrintUrlReqCallback); client->Get(url); // Request() test CefRefPtr<cefrequest> req = CefRequest::Create(); req->SetMethod( "GET" ); CefRequest::HeaderMap headers; headers.insert(std::make_pair( "Accept" , "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8" )); headers.insert(std::make_pair( "Accept-Encoding" , "gzip,deflate,sdch" )); headers.insert(std::make_pair( "Accept-Language" , "en,zh" )); req->SetHeaderMap(headers); ( new UrlRequestClient( new PrintUrlReqCallback))->Request(req); // Post() test CefRefPtr<cefpostdata> data = CefPostData::Create(); CefRefPtr<cefpostdataelement> element = CefPostDataElement::Create(); const char szData[] = "Hello World!" ; element->SetToBytes(sizeof(szData) - 1 , ( const void *)szData); data->AddElement(element); CefRequest::HeaderMap headers; headers.insert(std::make_pair( "Content-Type" , "text/plain" )); headers.insert(std::make_pair( "Accept" , "text/plain" )); </cefpostdataelement></cefpostdata></cefrequest></code> |
就这样吧。