MVC 框架中的缓存
在程序中加入缓存的目的很多是为了提高程序的性能,提高数据的查找效率,在MVC框架中也引入了非常多的缓存,比如Controller的匹配查找,Controller,ControllerDescriptorCache...大部分的缓存设计都是采用了key-value的结构;
ControllerTypeCache
ControllerTypeCache类是对应用程序集中的Controller类型进行缓存,当请求进入MVC框架中,需要根据RouteData中ControllerName 以及命名空间来进行查找出正确的Controller类型。如果程序比较大时,Controller就要对程序中所有的dll中的类进行查找匹配,效率肯定非常低下;
在MVC框架中对于Controller类的查找匹配引入了ControllerTypeCache类,在缓存类中存在Dictionary<string, ILookup<string, Type>>的缓存结构,在这个结构中key为去掉Controller后缀的Controller类型的Name,Value 值为ILookup<string, Type>结构,其中key值为命名空间名称,Value 为Controller的类型;而且这些key都是忽略大小写;
public void EnsureInitialized(IBuildManager buildManager) { if (_cache == null) { lock (_lockObj) { if (_cache == null) { List<Type> controllerTypes = TypeCacheUtil.GetFilteredTypesFromAssemblies(TypeCacheName, IsControllerType, buildManager); var groupedByName = controllerTypes.GroupBy( t => t.Name.Substring(0, t.Name.Length - "Controller".Length), StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); _cache = groupedByName.ToDictionary( g => g.Key, g => g.ToLookup(t => t.Namespace ?? String.Empty, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase), StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); } } } }
ControllerTypeCache类中EnsureInitialized方法就是构建缓存结构,GetFilteredTypesFromAssemblies方法时获取到应用程序集中所有的Control类型,在MVC框架中会在应用程序启动时加载所有的dll类中的Controller类型然后调用IBuildManager接口的方法CreateCachedFile方法将这些类型序列到磁盘文件中,下次请求到来时直接从磁盘文件中加载,文件名字为“MVC-ControllerTypeCache.xml”;_cache 缓存文件的地址是在HttpRuntime.CodegenDir+"//UserCache//MVC-ControllerTypeCache.xml";
ReaderWriterCache<TKey, TValue>
ReaderWriterCache是一个读写缓存抽象类,它的缓存结构也是key-value的形式,在MVC框架中ControllerDescriptorCache类,ActionMethodDispatcherCache类都继承了这个抽象类;在ControllerDescriptorCache类中key为Controller的Type类型,Value为ControllerDescriptor类; ActionMethodDispatcherCache类中key为action方法的MethodInfo,Value为ActionMethodDispatcher类;
在ReaderWriterCache类中有个重要的读取或是设置缓存的FetchOrCreateItem的方法;
private readonly ReaderWriterLockSlim _readerWriterLock = new ReaderWriterLockSlim(); protected TValue FetchOrCreateItem<TArgument>(TKey key, Func<TArgument, TValue> creator, TArgument state) { // first, see if the item already exists in the cache _readerWriterLock.EnterReadLock(); try { TValue existingEntry; if (_cache.TryGetValue(key, out existingEntry)) { return existingEntry; } } finally { _readerWriterLock.ExitReadLock(); } // insert the new item into the cache TValue newEntry = creator(state); _readerWriterLock.EnterWriteLock(); try { TValue existingEntry; if (_cache.TryGetValue(key, out existingEntry)) { // another thread already inserted an item, so use that one return existingEntry; } _cache[key] = newEntry; return newEntry; } finally { _readerWriterLock.ExitWriteLock(); } }
在FetchOrCreateItem方法中引入了ReaderWriterLockSlim类,这个类的目的是用于管理资源访问的锁定状态,可实现多线程读取或进行独占式写入访问,当根据key获取vlaue值时,读取缓存时根据EnterReadLock方法加入读锁,当读取完毕后,通过ExitReadLock方法释放读锁;如果缓存没有命中,则通过调用创建类型的委托创建value并写入到缓存中,在写入缓存的之前会再次从缓存中读取,如果没有则写入,防止并发造成的重复写入;
protected override ControllerDescriptor GetControllerDescriptor(ControllerContext controllerContext) { // Frequently called, so ensure delegate is static Type controllerType = controllerContext.Controller.GetType(); ControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor = DescriptorCache.GetDescriptor( controllerType: controllerType, creator: ReflectedAsyncControllerDescriptor.DefaultDescriptorFactory, state: controllerType); return controllerDescriptor; }
ReflectedAttributeCache
ReflectedAttributeCache类时缓存作用于action方法中的一些特性的列表缓存,从这个缓存中可以很快获取到对于的方法的一些特性信息,在这个缓存类的类结构也是采用的key-value的形式;
private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<MethodInfo, ReadOnlyCollection<ActionMethodSelectorAttribute>> _actionMethodSelectorAttributeCache = new ConcurrentDictionary<MethodInfo, ReadOnlyCollection<ActionMethodSelectorAttribute>>(); private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<MethodInfo, ReadOnlyCollection<ActionNameSelectorAttribute>> _actionNameSelectorAttributeCache = new ConcurrentDictionary<MethodInfo, ReadOnlyCollection<ActionNameSelectorAttribute>>(); private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<MethodInfo, ReadOnlyCollection<FilterAttribute>> _methodFilterAttributeCache = new ConcurrentDictionary<MethodInfo, ReadOnlyCollection<FilterAttribute>>(); private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<Type, ReadOnlyCollection<FilterAttribute>> _typeFilterAttributeCache = new ConcurrentDictionary<Type, ReadOnlyCollection<FilterAttribute>>();
在ReflectedAttributeCache类中存在了4种缓存,缓存的格式都是ConcurrentDictionary类型,
_actionMethodSelectorAttributeCache 缓存:key 为action方法的MethodInfo,value为继承了ActionMethodSelectorAttribute抽象类的一些子类(HttpPostAttribute,HttpGetAttribute)的只读集合;ActionMethodSelectorAttribute类的目的是筛选请求的方式;
_actionNameSelectorAttributeCache 缓存:key 为action方法的MethodInfo,value为继承了ActionNameSelectorAttribute抽象类的一些子类(ActionNameAttribute)的只读集合;ActionMethodSelectorAttribute类的目的是筛选请求方法的名字;
_methodFilterAttributeCache 缓存:key 为action方法的MethodInfo,value为继承了FilterAttribute抽象类的一些子类的只读集合;FilterAttribute类的目的是action的过滤器特性;
_typeFilterAttributeCache 缓存:key 为Controller类的Type,value为继承了FilterAttribute抽象类的一些子类的只读集合;FilterAttribute类的目的是Controller的过滤器特性;
在ReflectedAttributeCache类中获取特性集合都是通过GetAttributes方法
private static ReadOnlyCollection<TAttribute> GetAttributes<TMemberInfo, TAttribute>(ConcurrentDictionary<TMemberInfo, ReadOnlyCollection<TAttribute>> lookup, TMemberInfo memberInfo) where TAttribute : Attribute where TMemberInfo : MemberInfo { // Frequently called, so use a static delegate // An inline delegate cannot be used because the C# compiler does not cache inline delegates that reference generic method arguments return lookup.GetOrAdd( memberInfo, CachedDelegates<TMemberInfo, TAttribute>.GetCustomAttributes); } private static class CachedDelegates<TMemberInfo, TAttribute> where TAttribute : Attribute where TMemberInfo : MemberInfo { internal static Func<TMemberInfo, ReadOnlyCollection<TAttribute>> GetCustomAttributes = (TMemberInfo memberInfo) => { return new ReadOnlyCollection<TAttribute>((TAttribute[])memberInfo.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(TAttribute), inherit: true)); }; }