336. Palindrome Pairs(can't understand)

Given a list of unique words, find all pairs of distinct indices (i, j) in the given list, so that the concatenation of the two words, i.e. words[i] + words[j] is a palindrome.

Example 1:

Input: ["abcd","dcba","lls","s","sssll"]
Output: [[0,1],[1,0],[3,2],[2,4]] 
Explanation: The palindromes are ["dcbaabcd","abcddcba","slls","llssssll"]

Example 2:

Input: ["bat","tab","cat"]
Output: [[0,1],[1,0]] 
Explanation: The palindromes are ["battab","tabbat"]

 

Approach #1: C++.

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> palindromePairs(vector<string>& words) {
        int size = words.size();
        int mul = 1000000007;
        
        int max_len = 0;
        vector<vector<int>> hash_pre(size, vector<int>());
        vector<vector<int>> hash_suf(size, vector<int>());
        
        vector<int> temp(2, 0);
        vector<vector<int>> ret;
        
        for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
            hash_pre[i] = vector<int>(words[i].size(), 0);
            hash_suf[i] = vector<int>(words[i].size(), 0);
            
            if (words[i].size() == 0) continue;
            hash_pre[i][0] = words[i][0];
            hash_suf[i][words[i].size()-1] = words[i][words[i].size()-1];
            for (int j = 1; j < words[i].size(); ++j) {
                hash_pre[i][j] = hash_pre[i][j-1] * mul + words[i][j];
            }
            for (int j = (int)words[i].size()-2; j >= 0; --j) {
                hash_suf[i][j] = hash_suf[i][j+1] * mul + words[i][j];
            }
            max_len = max(max_len, (int)words[i].size());
        }
        
        vector<int> exp(max_len + 1, 0);
        exp[0] = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i <= max_len; ++i)
            exp[i] = exp[i-1] * mul;
        for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
            for (int j = 0; j < size; ++j) {
                if (i == j) continue;
                int len = words[i].size() + words[j].size();
                int hash_left = 0, hash_right = 0;
                int left_len = len / 2;
                
                if (left_len != 0) {
                    if (words[i].size() >= left_len) {
                        hash_left = hash_pre[i][left_len-1];
                    } else {
                        if (words[i].size() == 0)
                            hash_left = hash_pre[j][left_len-1];
                        else {
                            int right_pre = left_len - words[i].size();
                            hash_left = hash_pre[i][words[i].size() - 1] * exp[right_pre] + hash_pre[j][right_pre-1];
                        }
                    }
                }
                
                if (left_len != 0) {
                    if (words[j].size() >= left_len) {
                        hash_right = hash_suf[j][words[j].size()-left_len];
                    } else {
                        if (words[j].size() == 0)
                            hash_right = hash_suf[i][words[i].size()-left_len];
                        else {
                            int left_pre = left_len - words[j].size();
                            hash_right = hash_suf[j][0] * exp[left_pre] + hash_suf[i][words[i].size()-left_pre];
                        }
                    }
                }
                
                if (hash_left == hash_right) {
                    temp[0] = i, temp[1] = j;
                    ret.push_back(temp);
                }
                
            }
        return ret;
    }
};

Runtime: 816 ms, faster than 3.13% of C++ online submissions for Palindrome Pairs.

 

Approach #2: Java.

class Solution {
    public List<List<Integer>> palindromePairs(String[] words) {
        Map<String, Integer> index = new HashMap<>();
        Map<String, Integer> revIndex = new HashMap<>();
        String[] revWords = new String[words.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < words.length; ++i) {
            String s = words[i];
            String r = new StringBuilder(s).reverse().toString();
            index.put(s, i);
            revIndex.put(r, i);
            revWords[i] = r;
        }
        List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<>();
        result.addAll(findPairs(words, revWords, revIndex, false));
        result.addAll(findPairs(revWords, words, index, true));
        return result;
    }
    
    private static List<List<Integer>> findPairs(String[] words, String[] revWords, Map<String, Integer> revIndex, boolean reverse) {
        List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < words.length; ++i) {
            String s = words[i];
            for (int k = reverse ? 1 : 0; k <= s.length(); ++k) {
                Integer j = revIndex.get(s.substring(k));
                if (j != null && j != i) {
                    if (s.regionMatches(0, revWords[i], s.length() - k, k)) {
                        result.add(reverse ? Arrays.asList(i, j) : Arrays.asList(j, i));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    } 
}

　　

Approach #3: Python.

class Solution(object):
    def palindromePairs(self, words):
        """
        :type words: List[str]
        :rtype: List[List[int]]
        """
        wordict = {}
        res = []
        for i in range(len(words)):
            wordict[words[i]] = i
        for i in range(len(words)):
            for j in range(len(words[i])+1):
                tmp1 = words[i][:j]
                tmp2 = words[i][j:]
                if tmp1[::-1] in wordict and wordict[tmp1[::-1]] != i and tmp2 == tmp2[::-1]:
                    res.append([i, wordict[tmp1[::-1]]])
                if j != 0 and tmp2[::-1] in wordict and wordict[tmp2[::-1]] != i and tmp1 == tmp1[::-1]:
                    res.append([wordict[tmp2[::-1]], i])
                    
        return res

　　

Time Submitted	Status	Runtime	Language
a few seconds ago	Accepted	144 ms	java
27 minutes ago	Accepted	864 ms	python
3 hours ago	Accepted	816 ms	cpp