1067 Sort with Swap(0, i)

Given any permutation of the numbers {0, 1, 2,..., N−1}, it is easy to sort them in increasing order. But what if Swap(0, *) is the ONLY operation that is allowed to use? For example, to sort {4, 0, 2, 1, 3} we may apply the swap operations in the following way:

Swap(0, 1) => {4, 1, 2, 0, 3}
Swap(0, 3) => {4, 1, 2, 3, 0}
Swap(0, 4) => {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
 

Now you are asked to find the minimum number of swaps need to sort the given permutation of the first N nonnegative integers.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case, which gives a positive N (≤) followed by a permutation sequence of {0, 1, ..., N−1}. All the numbers in a line are separated by a space.

Output Specification:

For each case, simply print in a line the minimum number of swaps need to sort the given permutation.

Sample Input:

10
3 5 7 2 6 4 9 0 8 1
 

Sample Output:

9

题意:

  给出一串数字,要求对这串数字进行排序,但是排序的过程中只能使用swap(0, i),即只能够用0来和另外一个数字交换。

思路:

  用index[]数组来保存每个数字的下标,即index[0] = 3,表示数字0在数组中下标为3的位置处。如果下标和数字能够一一对应的话,两者就能够形成闭环的关系。例如{2, 0, 1}。

index[0] = 1;

index[1] = 2;

index[2] = 0;

我们可以通过一个while循环来让这个闭环中的部分数字回到自己正确的位置上去。

while (index[0] != 0) {
        swap(index[0], index[index[0]]);
}

这样的闭环在一个数组中可能不止一个(如果排序完成的话,每一个数字都会单独的构成一个闭环),所以我们要遍历整个数组,确保每一个数字都应该在自己的位置上。如果0所在的闭环已经有序,但是index[i] != i; 这时候我们应该将0,插入到i所在的闭环中,在下一轮循环中将i所在中的闭环中的数字,尽可能的放在自己应该在的位置上。如此循环,直至满足题意。

Code:

 1 #include <bits/stdc++.h>
 2 
 3 using namespace std;
 4 
 5 int main() {
 6     int n, t;
 7     cin >> n;
 8     vector<int> index(n+1);
 9     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
10         cin >> t;
11         index[t] = i;
12     }
13     int count = 0;
14     for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
15         if (i != index[i]) {
16             while (index[0] != 0) {
17                 swap(index[0], index[index[0]]);
18                 count++;
19             }
20             if (i != index[i]) {
21                 swap(index[0], index[i]);
22                 count++;
23             }
24         }
25     }
26     cout << count << endl;
27     return 0;
28 }

 

posted @ 2020-05-04 17:32  Veritas_des_Liberty  阅读(246)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报