1103 Integer Factorization
The K−P factorization of a positive integer N is to write N as the sum of the P-th power of K positive integers. You are supposed to write a program to find the K−P factorization of N for any positive integers N, K and P.
Input Specification:
Each input file contains one test case which gives in a line the three positive integers N (≤), K (≤) and P (1). The numbers in a line are separated by a space.
Output Specification:
For each case, if the solution exists, output in the format:
N = n[1]^P + ... n[K]^P
where n[i]
(i
= 1, ..., K
) is the i
-th factor. All the factors must be printed in non-increasing order.
Note: the solution may not be unique. For example, the 5-2 factorization of 169 has 9 solutions, such as 1, or 1, or more. You must output the one with the maximum sum of the factors. If there is a tie, the largest factor sequence must be chosen -- sequence { , } is said to be larger than { , } if there exists 1 such that ai=bi for i<L and aL>bL.
If there is no solution, simple output Impossible
.
Sample Input 1:
169 5 2
Sample Output 1:
169 = 6^2 + 6^2 + 6^2 + 6^2 + 5^2
Sample Input 2:
169 167 3
Sample Output 2:
Impossible
题意:
给出一个数字,问这个数字能不能由k个不同数字(N[k])的p次方相加得到。如果存在多种可能,则输出N[k]之和最大的那个,如果仍然相等,则输出则输出下标相同时值大的那一个。
思路:
正确的解法是使用DFS + 剪枝。
预处理: 将 i * i <= n 的所有可能存储到数组v[]中这里v中存储的数字是 i * i。
深度优先搜索: DFS(int index, int tempSum, int tempK, int facSum)各参数代表的含义:
index:代表预处理数组的下标; tempSum:代表当前已处理数字之和; tempK:代表已经处理的数字的个数; facSum:DFS调用到本层时所累加数字之和。
递归跳出的条件是:index >= n, 代表已经遍历完了所有的可能。 当tempK == K的时候,if (tempSum == n && facSum > maxFaxSum) 说明结果需要进行更新。(ans = tempAns)
ans用来表示结果的因子序列,tempAns用来表示当前遍历的因子序列。
Code:
1 #include <bits/stdc++.h> 2 3 using namespace std; 4 5 int n, k, p; 6 vector<int> v, ans, tempAns; 7 int maxFacSum = -1; 8 9 void init() { 10 int temp = 0, index = 1; 11 while (temp <= n) { 12 v.push_back(temp); 13 temp = pow(index, p); 14 index++; 15 } 16 } 17 18 void DFS(int index, int tempSum, int tempK, int facSum) { 19 if (tempK == k) { 20 if (tempSum == n && facSum > maxFacSum) { 21 ans = tempAns; 22 maxFacSum = facSum; 23 } 24 return; 25 } 26 while (index >= 1) { 27 if (tempSum + v[index] <= n) { 28 tempAns[tempK] = index; 29 DFS(index, tempSum + v[index], tempK + 1, facSum + index); 30 } 31 if (index == 1) return; 32 index--; 33 } 34 } 35 36 int main() { 37 cin >> n >> k >> p; 38 init(); 39 tempAns.resize(k); 40 DFS(v.size() - 1, 0, 0, 0); 41 if (maxFacSum == -1) 42 cout << "Impossible" << endl; 43 else { 44 cout << n << " = "; 45 for (int i = 0; i < ans.size(); ++i) 46 if (i == 0) 47 cout << ans[i] << "^" << p; 48 else 49 cout << " + " << ans[i] << "^" << p; 50 cout << endl; 51 } 52 return 0; 53 }
看着别人的代码,自己一边想一边写总算是把这道题给解决了,而且提交也通过了。但是为什么样例的输出和代码得输出不一样呢?
样例的输出是:
169 = 6^2 + 6^2 + 6^2 + 6^2 + 5^2
代码得输出是:
169 = 7^2 + 6^2 + 6^2 + 5^2 + 5^2
更神奇的是代码提交了之后还都通过了所有的样例??????????
2020-07-12 22:05:00
刚才又在我这台机器上(Linux)输出了一下发现结果有和测试样例一样了,有时间再到(Windows)上试一下,看一下结果是不是还是一样的。