【Junit】Junit 与 SpringMVC 整合测试

　　本章介绍使用 Junit4 测试 SpringBoot，关于 Junit4 的基本使用 参考：【Junit】Junit快速入门

　　关于SpringMVC项目搭建参考，参考：【Maven】Eclipse 使用Maven创建SpringMVC Web项目

一、项目框架

1、新建一个SpringMVC项目

2、引入Junit4依赖，项目完整依赖如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>test-junit-springmvc</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <!-- spring -->
        <spring.version>5.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <!-- Servlet -->
        <servlet.version>3.0.1</servlet.version>
        <jsp-api.version>2.2</jsp-api.version>
        <!-- jstl -->
        <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
        <standard.version>1.1.2</standard.version>

        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring Test 模块 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>


        <!-- Servlet -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>${servlet.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>${jsp-api.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- jstl -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>${jstl.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
            <version>${standard.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- JSON -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>　　

3、项目controller如下：

package com.test.junit.mvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Controller
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    @ResponseBody
    public String hello(){
        return "Hello World";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/map")
    @ResponseBody
    public Map map(){
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("name", "xiaoming");
        map.put("age", "18");
        return map;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/getView")
    public ModelAndView getView(HttpServletRequest request){
        System.out.println("getView");
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("test-jsp");
        return modelAndView;
    }

}

4、编辑测试类

package com.test.junit.mvc;


import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;


// SpringRunner 继承了SpringJUnit4ClassRunner，
// 没有扩展任何功能；使用SpringRunner，名字简短而已
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
// @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
// Web项目配置
@WebAppConfiguration
// 上下文配置
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring/spring-mvc.xml", "classpath:spring/spring-context.xml"})
public class TestMVC {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        // 构建mockMvc 对象
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();
    }


    @Test
    public void getView() throws Exception {
        ResultActions resultActions = this.mockMvc.perform(
                // 数据的格式请求的url,请求的方法是get
                MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/getView")
        );
        // 打印调试结果到控制台
        resultActions.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
        // 获取返回结果
        MvcResult mvcResult = resultActions.andReturn();
        // 获取视图
        ModelAndView modelAndView = mvcResult.getModelAndView();
        System.out.println(modelAndView);
    }

    @Test
    public void map() throws Exception {
        ResultActions resultActions = this.mockMvc.perform(
                // 数据的格式请求的url,请求的方法是get
                MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/map")
                        .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
        );
        resultActions.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
        MvcResult mvcResult = resultActions.andReturn();
        System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString());
    }

    @Test
    public void hello() throws Exception {
        ResultActions resultActions = this.mockMvc.perform(
                // 数据的格式请求的url,请求的方法是get
                MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello"));
        // 打印调试结果到控制台
        resultActions.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
        // 获取返回结果
        MvcResult mvcResult = resultActions.andReturn();
        System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString());
    }
}

　　关于 MockMvc 的使用

　　参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/zengls/p/11316454.html

　　参考：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/98074553