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Spring Cloud介绍

  Spring Cloud是一个分布式的整体解决方案。Spring Cloud 为开发者提供了在分布式系统(配置管理,服务发现,熔断,路由,微代理,控制总线,一次性token,全局琐,leader选举,分布式session,集群状态)中快速构建的工具,使用Spring Cloud的开发者可以快速的启动服务或构建应用、同时能够快速和云平台资源进行对接。

  SpringCloud分布式开发五大常用组件

  • 服务发现——Netflix Eureka
  • 客服端负载均衡——Netflix Ribbon
  • 断路器——Netflix Hystrix
  • 服务网关——Netflix Zuul
  • 分布式配置——Spring Cloud Config

Spring Cloud搭建

  Eureka注册中心  

  1、在idea中,新建一个Empty Project 空工程,然后在空工程中添加一个SpringBoot项目,作为Eureka注册中心服务,引入如下依赖:

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
 3          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 5     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 6 
 7     <groupId>com.test</groupId>
 8     <artifactId>test-springboot-cloud-eureka</artifactId>
 9     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
10 
11 
12     <parent>
13         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
14         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
15         <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
16     </parent>
17 
18     <properties>
19         <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
20         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
21         <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
22         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
23     </properties>
24 
25     <dependencyManagement>
26         <dependencies>
27             <dependency>
28                 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
29                 <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
30                 <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
31                 <type>pom</type>
32                 <scope>import</scope>
33             </dependency>
34         </dependencies>
35     </dependencyManagement>
36 
37     <dependencies>
38 
39         <dependency>
40             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
41             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
42         </dependency>
43 
44         <dependency>
45             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
46             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
47             <scope>test</scope>
48         </dependency>
49 
50     </dependencies>
51 
52 
53     <!-- SpringBoot打包插件,可以将代码打包成一个可执行的jar包 -->
54     <build>
55         <plugins>
56             <plugin>
57                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
58                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
59             </plugin>
60         </plugins>
61     </build>
62 </project>
pom.xml

  2、添加配置信息

 1 server:
 2   port: 8761
 3 
 4 eureka:
 5   instance:
 6     hostname: eureka-server  # eureka实例的主机名
 7   client:
 8     register-with-eureka: false #不把自己注册到eureka上
 9     fetch-registry: false #不从eureka上来获取服务的注册信息
10     service-url:
11       defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka

  3、开启Eureka注册中心服务,使用注解@EnableEurekaServer

 1 /**
 2  * 注册中心
 3  * 1、配置Eureka注册信息
 4  * 2、@EnableEurekaServer 开启注册中心服务
 5  */
 6 @EnableEurekaServer
 7 @SpringBootApplication
 8 public class Application {
 9     public static void main(String[] args) {
10         SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
11     }
12 }

  4、启动项目,查看Eureka注册中心,地址:http://localhost:8761/

    

  服务提供者

  1、在空工程中添加一个SpringBoot项目,作为服务提供者,注册到Eureka中,引入如下依赖:

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
 3          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 5     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 6 
 7     <groupId>com.test</groupId>
 8     <artifactId>test-springboot-cloud-provider</artifactId>
 9     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
10 
11     <parent>
12         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
13         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
14         <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
15     </parent>
16 
17     <properties>
18         <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
19         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
20         <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
21         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
22     </properties>
23 
24     <dependencyManagement>
25         <dependencies>
26             <dependency>
27                 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
28                 <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
29                 <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
30                 <type>pom</type>
31                 <scope>import</scope>
32             </dependency>
33         </dependencies>
34     </dependencyManagement>
35 
36     <dependencies>
37         <dependency>
38             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
39             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
40         </dependency>
41 
42         <dependency>
43             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
44             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
45         </dependency>
46 
47         <dependency>
48             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
49             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
50             <scope>test</scope>
51         </dependency>
52 
53     </dependencies>
54 
55 
56     <!-- SpringBoot打包插件,可以将代码打包成一个可执行的jar包 -->
57     <build>
58         <plugins>
59             <plugin>
60                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
61                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
62             </plugin>
63         </plugins>
64     </build>
65 
66 </project>
View Code

  2、添加提供者项目配置信息

 1 spring:
 2   application:
 3     name: provider
 4 
 5 server:
 6   port: 8081
 7 eureka:
 8   instance:
 9     prefer-ip-address: true # 注册服务的时候使用服务的ip地址
10   client:
11     service-url:
12       defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka

  3、编辑服务,编写一个controller,作为远程服务,内容如下:

 1 package com.test.springboot.cloud.provider.controller;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
 4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 5 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 6 
 7 @RestController
 8 public class ProviderController {
 9 
10     @Value("${spring.application.name}")
11     String applicationName;
12 
13     @Value("${server.port}")
14     String port;
15 
16     @RequestMapping("/provider")
17     public String provider(String name){
18         return "hi " + name + "\nI'm " + applicationName + port;
19     }
20 
21 }

  4、启动项目,即将服务注册到Eureka,查看Eureka注册中心,地址:http://localhost:8761/

    

  5、测试,在浏览器中使用地址(http://localhost:8081/provider?name=abc)进行访问,效果如下:

    

  为了演示服务负载均衡方便,将项目使用不同的配置文件(不同端口)打包,一个项目用8081端口,一个项目用8082端口,

  打完包后,使用java -jar 运行,Eureka注册中心,效果如下:

    

  服务消费者

  1、在空工程中添加一个SpringBoot项目,作为服务消费者,也注册到Eureka中,引入如下依赖:

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
 3          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 5     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 6 
 7     <groupId>com.test</groupId>
 8     <artifactId>test-springboot-cloud-consumer</artifactId>
 9     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
10 
11     <parent>
12         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
13         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
14         <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
15     </parent>
16 
17     <properties>
18         <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
19         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
20         <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
21         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
22     </properties>
23 
24     <dependencyManagement>
25         <dependencies>
26             <dependency>
27                 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
28                 <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
29                 <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
30                 <type>pom</type>
31                 <scope>import</scope>
32             </dependency>
33         </dependencies>
34     </dependencyManagement>
35 
36     <dependencies>
37         <dependency>
38             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
39             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
40         </dependency>
41 
42         <dependency>
43             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
44             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
45         </dependency>
46 
47         <dependency>
48             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
49             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
50             <scope>test</scope>
51         </dependency>
52 
53     </dependencies>
54 
55 
56     <!-- SpringBoot打包插件,可以将代码打包成一个可执行的jar包 -->
57     <build>
58         <plugins>
59             <plugin>
60                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
61                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
62             </plugin>
63         </plugins>
64     </build>
65 
66 </project>
View Code

  2、添加消费者项目配置信息

 1 spring:
 2   application:
 3     name: consumer
 4 
 5 server:
 6   port: 8083
 7 eureka:
 8   instance:
 9     prefer-ip-address: true # 注册服务的时候使用服务的ip地址
10   client:
11     service-url:
12       defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka 

  3、在容器中注入RestTempalte对象,用来远程调用SpringCloud中的服务,使用http请求的方式

1 @LoadBalanced // 使用负载均衡机制
2 @Bean
3 public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
4     return new RestTemplate();
5 }

  4、使用@EnableDiscoveryClient注解,开启服务发现功能

1 @EnableDiscoveryClient // 开启服务发现功能
2 @SpringBootApplication
3 public class Application {
4     public static void main(String[] args) {
5         SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
6     }
7

  5、使用RestTempalte调用,远程服务,编写一个controller,内容如下:

 1 @RestController
 2 public class ConsumerController {
 3 
 4     @Autowired
 5     RestTemplate restTemplate;
 6 
 7     @RequestMapping("/consumer")
 8     public String consumer(String name) {
 9 
10         String object = restTemplate.getForObject("http://PROVIDER/provider?name=" + name, String.class);
11 
12         return "consumer---> " + object;
13     }
14 }

  6、启动项目,查看Eureka注册中心,地址:http://localhost:8761/

    

  7、测试,在浏览器上使用地址(http://localhost:8083/consumer?name=fff)请求consumer服务。连续访问两次,可以看到一次请求到8081服务上,一次请求到8082上

    

    

 

posted on 2020-03-18 00:47  H__D  阅读(359)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报