搭建DG(data guard)，及搭建过程中遇到的一些小问题
一.准备工作：主库：虚拟机名称host06 主机名：host06 IP:192.168.100.60 db_name&SID:ENMO db_unique_name:PROD 存储：文件系统
备库：虚拟机名称：host07 主机名：host07 IP:192.168.100.70 db_name&SID:ENMO db_unique_name:SBDB 存储：文件系统
二.主库：
1.数据库归档并强制生成日志
[oracle@host06 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> select status from v$instance;
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch
Oldest online log sequence 4
Current log sequence 6
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database force logging;
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch
Oldest online log sequence 4
Next log sequence to archive 6
Current log sequence 6
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
FOR
---
YES
2.主库创建 standby logfile，原则是最大日志组数+1
SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile; 查看日志组数
SQL> select group#,bytes/1024/1024 as size_m from v$log; 查看日志组大小
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMO/standby_redo04.log') size 50m; 创建standby logfile
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMO/standby_redo05.log') size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMO/standby_redo06.log') size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMO/standby_redo07.log') size 50m;
3.查看添加的日志组
SQL> select group#,sequence#,bytes,status from v$standby_log;
GROUP# SEQUENCE# BYTES STATUS
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
4 0 52428800 UNASSIGNED
5 0 52428800 UNASSIGNED
6 0 52428800 UNASSIGNED
7 0 52428800 UNASSIGNED
SQL> select group#,type,member from v$logfile;
4.主库查看当前参数文件
SQL> host
[oracle@host06 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@host06 dbs]$ ls
hc_ENMO.dat init.ora lkENMO orapwENMO spfileENMO.ora
5.生成pfile文件并修改
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
File created.
SQL> host
[oracle@host06 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@host06 dbs]$ ls
hc_ENMO.dat initENMO.ora init.ora lkENMO orapwENMO spfileENMO.ora
[oracle@host06 dbs]$ vi initENMO.ora
追加如下内容
db_unique_name=PROD
log_archive_format=%t_%s_%r.arc
log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(PROD,SBDB)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/FRA
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=ENMO70 LGWR SYNC
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=SBDB'
log_archive_dest_state_1=ENABLE
log_archive_dest_state_2=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4
## Paraneters which using for switch over from Primary to Standby.
fal_server=ENMO70
standby_file_management=AUTO
db_file_name_convert='ENMO','ENMO'
log_file_name_convert='ENMO','ENMO'
6.通过pfile重新生成spfile并启动数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
SQL> startup
SQL> show parameter name;
7.主库配置tnsnames（注：数据库service_name默认与db_unique_name相同）
[oracle@host06 dbs]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
[oracle@host06 admin]$ ls
listener.ora samples shrept.lst
[oracle@host06 admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora
ENMO60 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDESS_LIST =
(ADDERSS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.100.60)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = PROD)
)
)
ENMO70 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.100.70)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = SBDB)
)
)
8.主库 拷贝相关文件至备库
找到主库文件所在目录
[oracle@host06 admin]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@host06 dbs]$ ls
hc_ENMO.dat initENMO.ora init.ora lkENMO lkPROD orapwENMO spfileEN
拷贝密码文件
[oracle@host06 dbs]$ scp orapwENMO oracle@192.168.100.70:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwENMO
拷贝pfile参数文件
[oracle@host06 dbs]$ scp initENMO.ora oracle@192.168.100.70:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initENMO.ora
拷贝tnsnames配置文件
[oracle@host06 dbs]$ scp $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora oracle@192.168.100.70:$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
二.备库
1.备库创建静态监听并启动
[oracle@host07 admin]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@host07 dbs]$ ls
initENMO.ora init.ora orapwENMO
[oracle@host07 dbs]$ vi initENMO.ora
因为主库备库的DB_NAME和SID相同，所以只需改如下参数（已加粗）即可
db_unique_name=SBDB
log_archive_format=%t_%s_%r.arc
log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(PROD,SBDB)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/FRA
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=SBDB'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=SBDB60 LGWR SYNC
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD'
log_archive_dest_state_1=ENABLE
log_archive_dest_state_2=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4
## Paraneters which using for switch over from Primary to Standby.
fal_server=SBDB60
standby_file_management=AUTO
db_file_name_convert='ENMO','ENMO'
"initENMO.ora" 38L, 1415C written
2.按照参数创建文件目录
[oracle@host07 dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/ENMO/adump
[oracle@host07 dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMO/
[oracle@host07 dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/FRA
3.备库通过pfile生成spfile并启动数据库至nomount
[oracle@host07 dbs]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
SQL> startup nomount;
三.在主库操作，用RMAN auxiliary恢复数据库
[oracle@host06 dbs]$ rman target sys/oracle@enmo60 auxiliary sys/oracle@enmo70
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue May 2 02:47:05 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00554: initialization of internal recovery manager package failed
RMAN-04005: error from target database:
ORA-12533: TNS:illegal ADDRESS parameters
加粗部分报错说明 tnsnames.ora 的 ‘ADDRESS ’写错了
action：cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
vi tnsnames.ora
注：修改完毕一定要在主库和备库都重新启动一下监听（lsnrctl stop lsnrctl start)
4.再次执行连接rman的命令
[oracle@host06 dbs]$ rman target sys/oracle@enmo60 auxiliary sys/oracle@enmo70
5.连接成功
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue May 2 03:29:19 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ENMO (DBID=784235869)
connected to auxiliary database: ENMO (not mounted)
6.执行恢复命令
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database dorecover nofilenamecheck;
四。在备库应用日志同步数据
[oracle@host07 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> select database_role,open_mode from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE
---------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY MOUNTED
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
五。启库
开启备库应用日志之后没取消应用日志，直接启库，报错
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-10456: cannot open standby database; media recovery session may be in
progress
备库取消应用日志，启库
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
六。做快照
切换物理备库为snapshot standby，报错
SQL> alter database convert to snapshot standby;
alter database convert to snapshot standby
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-38784: Cannot create restore point 'SNAPSHOT_STANDBY_REQUIRED_05/02/2017
04:43:13'.
ORA-38786: Recovery area is not enabled.
解决办法：（1）SQL> show parameter recovery;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest string
db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 0
recovery_parallelism integer 0
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/recovery';
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/recovery'
（2）SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=3G;
(3) 创建一个目录用于存放快速恢复区
[oracle@host07 ~]$ cd /u01
[oracle@host07 u01]$ mkdir recovery
（4）SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/recovery';
解决完报错就可以执行快照
SQL> alter database convert to snapshot standby;
七：查看快照信息（可以查看alert日志，会发现数据库创建了一个guaranteed restore point,确保我们切回主备，可应用日志)
SQL> show parameter user_dump;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
user_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/sbd
b/ENMO/trace
[oracle@host07 u01]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/sbdb/ENMO/trace
[oracle@host07 trace]$ tail -100f alert_ENMO.log
alter database convert to snapshot standby
Starting background process RVWR
Tue May 02 04:47:40 2017
RVWR started with pid=28, OS id=24152
Allocated 3981120 bytes in shared pool for flashback generation buffer
Created guaranteed restore point SNAPSHOT_STANDBY_REQUIRED_05/02/2017 04:47:40
Killing 3 processes with pids 24140,24144,24148 (all RFS) in order to disallow current and future RFS connections. Requested by OS process 24071
All dispatchers and shared servers shutdown
八。查看备库数据库状态，并从快照状态恢复至物理状态
SQL> select database_role,open_mode from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE
---------------- --------------------
SNAPSHOT STANDBY MOUNTED
报错
SQL> alter database convert to physical standby;
alter database convert to physical standby
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-16433: The database must be opened in read/write mode.
解决：SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE
SQL> select database_role,open_mode from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE
---------------- --------------------
SNAPSHOT STANDBY READ WRITE
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount; SQL> alter database convert to physical standby;SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
STARTED
切换完成后需要重启到mount应用日志
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount;SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;SQL> select database_role,open_mode from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE
---------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY MOUNTED
