73.Python中ORM聚合函数详解:Count

Count:用来求某个数据的个数。

在以下所有的示例中所采用的模型为:

from django.db import models


# 定义作者模型
class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    email = models.EmailField()

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'author'

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s,%s,%s" % (self.name,self.age, self.email)


# 定义出版社模型
class Publisher(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100,unique=True)

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'publisher'


# 定义图书模型
class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True)
    pages = models.IntegerField()
    price = models.FloatField()
    rating = models.FloatField()
    author = models.ForeignKey('Author', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    publisher = models.ForeignKey('Publisher', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'book'


# 定义预定图书的模型
class BookOrder(models.Model):
    book = models.ForeignKey('Book', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    price = models.FloatField()

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'book_order'

1. 比如:求所有图书的数量,那么views.py视图文件中可以使用以下代码:

from django.http import HttpResponse
from .models import Author,Publisher,Book,BookOrder
from django.db.models import Avg,Count,Sum
from django.db import connection


def index(request):
# 4.求所有图书的数量,因为book表中的数据具有唯一性所以可以通过计算ID的唯一性来计算图书的数量。
    count = Book.objects.aggregate(book_count=Count('id'))
    print(count)
    # 打印出结果为:{'book_count': 4}
    return HttpResponse("success !")

2.求同一种书预定的数量

from django.http import HttpResponse
from .models import Author,Publisher,Book,BookOrder
from django.db.models import Avg,Count,Sum
from django.db import connection


def index(request):
# 5.求同一种书的预定数量,同样还是针对book表,此处可以是针对bookorder__id,也可以是bookorder。默认就是针对book__order表中id字段进行操作
    books = Book.objects.annotate(books_count=Count('bookorder'))
    # print(type(books))
    # <class 'django.db.models.query.QuerySet'>
    # 遍历QuerySet
    for book in books:
        print("%s,%s" % (book.name,book.books_count))
    # 打印出结果:
    # 三国演义,2
    # 水浒传,2
    # 红楼梦,2
    # 西游记,0
# 打印出原生SQL语句
    print(connection.queries)
# 打印出结果:[{'sql': 'SELECT @@SQL_AUTO_IS_NULL', 'time': '0.000'}, {'sql': 'SET SESSION TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED', 'time': '0.000'}, {'sql': 'SELECT `book`.`id`, `book`.`name`, `book`.`pages`, `book`.`price`, `book`.`rating`, `book`.`author_id`, `book`.`publisher_id`, COUNT(`book_order`.`id`) AS `books_count` FROM `book` LEFT OUTER JOIN `book_order` ON (`book`.`id` = `book_order`.`book_id`) GROUP BY `book`.`id` ORDER BY NULL', 'time': '0.000'}]
    return HttpResponse("success !")

3. 同样Count()可以传递参数distinct,默认情况下,distinct=False.可以通过指定distinct=True,删除返回值中相同的数据。例如:求被预定的书有多少种书,示例代码如下:

from django.http import HttpResponse
from .models import Book
from django.db.models import Count


def index(request):
# 6.求被预定的书都有多少种书
# 首先可以使用annotate()进行分组,之后对分组的数据进行删除相同的数据操作。
    book_nums = Book.objects.annotate(book_nums=Count('bookorder', distinct=True))
    print(book_nums)
    return HttpResponse("success !")
打印出结果:

打印出的结果为QuerySet对象,不容易分辨具体的数据信息。因此我们可以对Book模型的__str__(self)方法进行重写。

<QuerySet [<Book: Book object (1)>, 
<Book: Book object (2)>, 
<Book: Book object (3)>, 
<Book: Book object (4)>]>

重写模型的__str__(self)方法:

# 定义出版社模型
class Publisher(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100,unique=True)

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'publisher'

    def __str__(self):
        return " ->:%s" % self.name


# 定义图书模型
class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True)
    pages = models.IntegerField()
    price = models.FloatField()
    rating = models.FloatField()
    author = models.ForeignKey('Author', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    publisher = models.ForeignKey('Publisher', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'book'

    def __str__(self):
        return "(书名:%s,页数:%s,价格:%s,打折:%s,作者:%s,出版社:%s)" % (self.name, self.pages, self.price, self.rating, self.author, self.publisher)

打印出结果:
<QuerySet [
<Book: (书名:三国演义,页数:893,价格:129.0,打折:0.8,作者:罗贯中,47,312587329@qq.com,出版社: ->:清华大学出版社)>, 
<Book: (书名:水浒传,页数:983,价格:159.0,打折:0.75,作者:施耐庵,57,1924572@qq.com,出版社: ->:吉林大学出版社)>, 
<Book: (书名:红楼梦,页数:1543,价格:199.0,打折:0.85,作者:曹雪芹,42,123521472@qq.com,出版社: ->:浙江大学出版社)>, 
<Book: (书名:西游记,页数:1003,价格:159.0,打折:0.75,作者:吴承恩,34,193452272@qq.com,出版社: ->:清华大学出版社)>
]>

posted @ 2020-02-03 22:08  一笑而过~一笑奈何  阅读(883)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报