73.Python中ORM聚合函数详解:Count
Count:用来求某个数据的个数。
在以下所有的示例中所采用的模型为:
from django.db import models
# 定义作者模型
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True)
age = models.IntegerField()
email = models.EmailField()
class Meta:
db_table = 'author'
def __str__(self):
return "%s,%s,%s" % (self.name,self.age, self.email)
# 定义出版社模型
class Publisher(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100,unique=True)
class Meta:
db_table = 'publisher'
# 定义图书模型
class Book(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True)
pages = models.IntegerField()
price = models.FloatField()
rating = models.FloatField()
author = models.ForeignKey('Author', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
publisher = models.ForeignKey('Publisher', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
class Meta:
db_table = 'book'
# 定义预定图书的模型
class BookOrder(models.Model):
book = models.ForeignKey('Book', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
price = models.FloatField()
class Meta:
db_table = 'book_order'
1. 比如:求所有图书的数量,那么views.py视图文件中可以使用以下代码:
from django.http import HttpResponse
from .models import Author,Publisher,Book,BookOrder
from django.db.models import Avg,Count,Sum
from django.db import connection
def index(request):
# 4.求所有图书的数量,因为book表中的数据具有唯一性所以可以通过计算ID的唯一性来计算图书的数量。
count = Book.objects.aggregate(book_count=Count('id'))
print(count)
# 打印出结果为:{'book_count': 4}
return HttpResponse("success !")
2.求同一种书预定的数量
from django.http import HttpResponse
from .models import Author,Publisher,Book,BookOrder
from django.db.models import Avg,Count,Sum
from django.db import connection
def index(request):
# 5.求同一种书的预定数量,同样还是针对book表,此处可以是针对bookorder__id,也可以是bookorder。默认就是针对book__order表中id字段进行操作
books = Book.objects.annotate(books_count=Count('bookorder'))
# print(type(books))
# <class 'django.db.models.query.QuerySet'>
# 遍历QuerySet
for book in books:
print("%s,%s" % (book.name,book.books_count))
# 打印出结果:
# 三国演义,2
# 水浒传,2
# 红楼梦,2
# 西游记,0
# 打印出原生SQL语句
print(connection.queries)
# 打印出结果:[{'sql': 'SELECT @@SQL_AUTO_IS_NULL', 'time': '0.000'}, {'sql': 'SET SESSION TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED', 'time': '0.000'}, {'sql': 'SELECT `book`.`id`, `book`.`name`, `book`.`pages`, `book`.`price`, `book`.`rating`, `book`.`author_id`, `book`.`publisher_id`, COUNT(`book_order`.`id`) AS `books_count` FROM `book` LEFT OUTER JOIN `book_order` ON (`book`.`id` = `book_order`.`book_id`) GROUP BY `book`.`id` ORDER BY NULL', 'time': '0.000'}]
return HttpResponse("success !")
3. 同样Count()可以传递参数distinct,默认情况下,distinct=False.可以通过指定distinct=True,删除返回值中相同的数据。例如:求被预定的书有多少种书,示例代码如下:
from django.http import HttpResponse
from .models import Book
from django.db.models import Count
def index(request):
# 6.求被预定的书都有多少种书
# 首先可以使用annotate()进行分组,之后对分组的数据进行删除相同的数据操作。
book_nums = Book.objects.annotate(book_nums=Count('bookorder', distinct=True))
print(book_nums)
return HttpResponse("success !")
打印出结果:
打印出的结果为QuerySet对象,不容易分辨具体的数据信息。因此我们可以对Book模型的__str__(self)方法进行重写。
<QuerySet [<Book: Book object (1)>,
<Book: Book object (2)>,
<Book: Book object (3)>,
<Book: Book object (4)>]>
重写模型的__str__(self)方法:
# 定义出版社模型
class Publisher(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100,unique=True)
class Meta:
db_table = 'publisher'
def __str__(self):
return " ->:%s" % self.name
# 定义图书模型
class Book(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True)
pages = models.IntegerField()
price = models.FloatField()
rating = models.FloatField()
author = models.ForeignKey('Author', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
publisher = models.ForeignKey('Publisher', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
class Meta:
db_table = 'book'
def __str__(self):
return "(书名:%s,页数:%s,价格:%s,打折:%s,作者:%s,出版社:%s)" % (self.name, self.pages, self.price, self.rating, self.author, self.publisher)
打印出结果:
<QuerySet [
<Book: (书名:三国演义,页数:893,价格:129.0,打折:0.8,作者:罗贯中,47,312587329@qq.com,出版社: ->:清华大学出版社)>,
<Book: (书名:水浒传,页数:983,价格:159.0,打折:0.75,作者:施耐庵,57,1924572@qq.com,出版社: ->:吉林大学出版社)>,
<Book: (书名:红楼梦,页数:1543,价格:199.0,打折:0.85,作者:曹雪芹,42,123521472@qq.com,出版社: ->:浙江大学出版社)>,
<Book: (书名:西游记,页数:1003,价格:159.0,打折:0.75,作者:吴承恩,34,193452272@qq.com,出版社: ->:清华大学出版社)>
]>
始于才华,忠于颜值;每件事情在成功之前,看起来都是天方夜谭。一无所有,就是无所不能。