C#对XML、JSON等格式的解析
C#对XML、JSON等格式的解析
一、C#对XML格式数据的解析
1、用XMLDocument来解析
XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();
xmlDocument.Load("test.xml");
//创建新节点
XmlElement nn = xmlDocument.CreateElement("image");
nn.SetAttribute("imageUrl", "6.jpg");
XmlNode node = xmlDocument.SelectSingleNode("content/section/page/gall/folder");//定位到folder节点
node.AppendChild(nn);//附加新节点
//保存
xmlDocument.Save("test.xml");
2、用Linq to XML来解析
可以通过遍历，来获得你想要的节点的内容或属性
XElement root = XElement.Load("test.xml");
foreach (XAttribute att in root.Attributes())
{
root.Add(new XElement(att.Name, (string)att));
}
Console.WriteLine(root);
3、附一个详细点的例子
比如要解析如下的xml文件，将其转化为Ilist对象。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Car>
<carcost>
<ID>20130821133126</ID>
<uptime>60</uptime>
<downtime>30</downtime>
<price>0.4</price>
</carcost>
<carcost>
<ID>20130821014316</ID>
<uptime>120</uptime>
<downtime>60</downtime>
<price>0.3</price>
</carcost>
<carcost>
<ID>20130822043127</ID>
<uptime>30</uptime>
<downtime>0</downtime>
<price>0.5</price>
</carcost>
<carcost>
<ID>20130822043341</ID>
<uptime>120以上！</uptime>
<downtime>120</downtime>
<price>0.2</price>
</carcost>
</Car>
在控制台应用程序中输入如下代码即可。
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
IList<CarCost> resultList = new List<CarCost>();
XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();
xmlDocument.Load("test.xml");
XmlNodeList xmlNodeList = xmlDocument.SelectSingleNode("Car").ChildNodes;
foreach (XmlNode list in xmlNodeList)
{
CarCost carcost = new CarCost
(
list.SelectSingleNode("ID").InnerText,
list.SelectSingleNode("uptime").InnerText,
list.SelectSingleNode("downtime").InnerText,
float.Parse(list.SelectSingleNode("price").InnerText)
);
resultList.Add(carcost);
}
IEnumerator enumerator = resultList.GetEnumerator();
while (enumerator.MoveNext())
{
CarCost carCost = enumerator.Current as CarCost;
Console.WriteLine(carCost.ID + " " + carCost.UpTime + " " + carCost.DownTime + " " + carCost.Price);
}
}
}
public class CarCost
{
public CarCost(string id, string uptime, string downtime, float price)
{
this.ID = id;
this.UpTime = uptime;
this.DownTime = downtime;
this.Price = price;
}
public string ID { get; set; }
public string UpTime { get; set; }
public string DownTime { get; set; }
public float Price { get; set; }
}
二、C#对JSON格式数据的解析
引用Newtonsoft.Json.dll文件，来解析。
比如：有个要解析的JSON字符串
[{"TaskRoleSpaces":"","TaskRoles":"","ProxyUserID":"5d9ad5dc1c5e494db1d1b4d8d79b60a7","UserID":"5d9ad5dc1c5e494db1d1b4d8d79b60a7","UserName":"姓名","UserSystemName":"2234","OperationName":"送合同负责人","OperationValue":"同意","OperationValueText":"","SignDate":"2013-06-19 10:31:26","Comment":"同意","FormDataHashCode":"","SignatureDivID":""},{"TaskRoleSpaces":"","TaskRoles":"","ProxyUserID":"2c96c3943826ea93013826eafe6d0089","UserID":"2c96c3943826ea93013826eafe6d0089","UserName":"姓名2","UserSystemName":"1234","OperationName":"送合同负责人","OperationValue":"同意","OperationValueText":"","SignDate":"2013-06-20 09:37:11","Comment":"同意","FormDataHashCode":"","SignatureDivID":""}]
首先定义个实体类：
public class JobInfo
{
public string TaskRoleSpaces { get; set; }
public string TaskRoles { get; set; }
public string ProxyUserID { get; set; }
public string UserID { get; set; }
public string UserName { get; set; }
public string UserSystemName { get; set; }
public string OperationName { get; set; }
public string OperationValue { get; set; }
public string OperationValueText { get; set; }
public DateTime SignDate { get; set; }
public string Comment { get; set; }
public string FormDataHashCode { get; set; }
public string SignatureDivID { get; set; }
}
然后在控制台Main函数内部输入如下代码：
string json = @"[{'TaskRoleSpaces':'','TaskRoles':'','ProxyUserID':'5d9ad5dc1c5e494db1d1b4d8d79b60a7','UserID':'5d9ad5dc1c5e494db1d1b4d8d79b60a7','UserName':'姓名','UserSystemName':'2234','OperationName':'送合同负责人','OperationValue':'同意','OperationValueText':'','SignDate':'2013-06-19 10:31:26','Comment':'同意','FormDataHashCode':'','SignatureDivID':''},{'TaskRoleSpaces':'','TaskRoles':'','ProxyUserID':'2c96c3943826ea93013826eafe6d0089','UserID':'2c96c3943826ea93013826eafe6d0089','UserName':'姓名2','UserSystemName':'1234','OperationName':'送合同负责人','OperationValue':'同意','OperationValueText':'','SignDate':'2013-06-20 09:37:11','Comment':'同意','FormDataHashCode':'','SignatureDivID':''}]
";
List<JobInfo> jobInfoList = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<JobInfo>>(json);
foreach (JobInfo jobInfo in jobInfoList)
{
Console.WriteLine("UserName:" + jobInfo.UserName + "UserID:" + jobInfo.UserID);
}
这样就可以正常输出内容了。
我想肯定有人会问，如果有多层关系的json字符串该如何处理呢？没关系，一样的处理。
比如如何解析这个json字符串：[{'phantom':true,'id':'20130717001','data':{'MID':1019,'Name':'aaccccc','Des':'cc','Disable':'启用','Remark':'cccc'}}] ？
首先还是定义实体类：
public class Info
{
public string phantom { get; set; }
public string id { get; set; }
public data data { get; set; }
}
public class data
{
public int MID { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Des { get; set; }
public string Disable { get; set; }
public string Remark { get; set; }
}
然后在main方法里面，键入：
string json = @"[{'phantom':true,'id':'20130717001','data':{'MID':1019,'Name':'aaccccc','Des':'cc','Disable':'启用','Remark':'cccc'}}]";
List<Info> infoList = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<Info>>(json);
foreach (Info info in infoList)
{
Console.WriteLine("id:" + info.data.MID);
}
按照我们的预期，应该能够得到1019的结果。
截图为证：
另外，对于有些json格式不是标准的，可以使用通用的方法进行解析。
string jsonText = @" {'Count':1543,'Items':[{'UnitID':6119,'UnitName':'C'}]}";
JsonReader reader = new JsonTextReader(new StringReader(jsonText));
while (reader.Read())
{
Console.WriteLine(reader.TokenType + "\t\t" + reader.ValueType + "\t\t" + reader.Value);
}
附Newtonsoft.Json.dll下载地址：下载吧
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再附一个JSON解析的例子，来自于兔子家族—二哥在本篇博客下的回复。
JSON字符串1：{success:true,data:{id:100001,code:\"JTL-Z38005\",name:\"奥迪三轮毂\",location:\"A-202\",qty:100,bins:[{code:\"JTL-Z38001\",name:\"奥迪三轮毂\",location:\"A-001\",qty:100},{ code:\"JTL-Z38002\",name:\"奥迪三轮毂\",location:\"A-002\",qty:100}]}}
定义数据结构：
public class Data { public Boolean success { get; set; } public Data1 data { get; set; } } public class Data1 { public Int32 id { get; set; } public string code { get; set; } public string name { get; set; } public string location { get; set; } public Int32 qty { get; set; } public List<Data2> bins { get; set; } } public class Data2 { public string code { get; set; } public string name { get; set; } public string location { get; set; } public Int32 qty { get; set; } }
Main函数：
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string json = "{success:true,data:{id:100001,code:\"JTL-Z38005\",name:\"奥迪三轮毂\",location:\"A-202\",qty:100,bins:[{code:\"JTL-Z38001\",name:\"奥迪三轮毂\",location:\"A-001\",qty:100},{ code:\"JTL-Z38002\",name:\"奥迪三轮毂\",location:\"A-002\",qty:100}]}}"; Data data = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Data>(json); foreach (var item in data.data.bins) { //输出：JTL-Z38001、JTL-Z38002，其它类似 Console.WriteLine(item.code); } } }
JSON字符串2：{\"success\":true,\"data\":{\"name\":\"张三\",\"moulds\":{\"stockImport\":true,\"stockExport\":true,\"justifyLocation\":true,\"justifyBin\":false,\"binRelease\":false}}}
在控制台应用程序下的完整代码：
namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string json = "{\"success\":true,\"data\":{\"name\":\"张三\",\"moulds\":{\"stockImport\":true,\"stockExport\":true,\"justifyLocation\":true,\"justifyBin\":false,\"binRelease\":false}}}"; Data data = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Data>(json); Console.WriteLine(data.data.moulds.binRelease);//输出False } } public class Data { public Boolean success { get; set; } public Data1 data { get; set; } } public class Data1 { public string name { get; set; } public Data2 moulds { get; set; } } public class Data2 { public Boolean stockImport { get; set; } public Boolean stockExport { get; set; } public Boolean justifyLocation { get; set; } public Boolean justifyBin { get; set; } public Boolean binRelease { get; set; } } }
JSON字符串3：
{
"success": true,
"data": {
"id": 100001,
"bin": "JIT-3JS-2K",
"targetBin": "JIT-3JS-3K",
"batchs": [
"B20140101",
"B20140102"
]
}
}
他的问题主要是不知道batchs这里怎么处理，其实很简单就是一个数组而已。
完整代码如下：
namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string json = "{\"success\": true,\"data\": {\"id\": 100001,\"bin\": \"JIT-3JS-2K\",\"targetBin\": \"JIT-3JS-3K\",\"batchs\": [\"B20140101\",\"B20140102\"]}}"; Data data = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Data>(json); foreach (var item in data.data.batchs) { Console.WriteLine(item);//输出：B20140101、B20140102 } } } public class Data { public Boolean success { get; set; } public Data1 data { get; set; } } public class Data1 { public Int32 id { get; set; } public string bin { get; set; } public string targetBin { get; set; } public string[] batchs { get; set; } } }
除了上述返回类的实体对象做法之外，JSON.NET还提供了JObject类，可以取自己指定节点的内容。
比如：
namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string j = "{success:true,data:{ bin:{code:\"JTL-Z38001\",name:\"奥迪三轮毂\",location:\"A-001\",qty:100}}}"; JObject jo = (JObject)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(j); Console.WriteLine(jo); } } public class Data { public Boolean success { get; set; } public Data1 data { get; set; } } public class Data1 { public Data2 bin { get; set; } } public class Data2 { public string code { get; set; } public string name { get; set; } public string location { get; set; } public Int32 qty { get; set; } } }
直接运行，返回结果如下：
如果输出内容修改为：
Console.WriteLine(jo["data"]);
继续取bin节点。
Console.WriteLine(jo["data"]["bin"]);
最后我们取其中name对应的value。
Console.WriteLine(jo["data"]["bin"]["name"]);
一步一步的获取了JSON字符串对应的Value。
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群里有人提出一个问题，比如我要生成如下的JSON字符串，该如何处理呢？
{
"id": 1,
"value": "cate",
"child": [
{
"id": 1,
"value": "cate",
"child": [
]
},
{
"id": 1,
"value": "cate",
"child": [
{
"id": 2,
"value": "cate2",
"child": [
{
"id": 3,
"value": "cate3",
"child": [
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
通过观察我们会发现，其实规律比较好找，就是包含id、value、child这样的属性，child又包含id、value、child这样的属性，可以无限循环下去，是个典型的树形结构。
完整的代码如下：
namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Data data = new Data(); data.id = 1; data.value = "cate"; data.child = new List<Data>() { new Data(){ id=1,value="cate",child=new List<Data>(){}} , new Data(){ id=1,value="cate",child=new List<Data>() { new Data() { id=2, value="cate2" , child = new List<Data>() { new Data() { id = 3, value = "cate3", child = new List<Data>(){}, } }, } }} , }; //序列化为json字符串 string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(data); Console.WriteLine(json); //反序列化为对象 Data jsonData = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Data>(json); } } public class Data { public int id { get; set; } public string value { get; set; } public List<Data> child { get; set; } } }
我们验证一下生成的结果：
JObject jo = (JObject)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(json);
Console.WriteLine(jo);
再来一个复杂点的JSON结构：
[
{
"downList": [],
"line": {
"Id": -1,
"Name": "admin",
"icCard": "1"
},
"upList": [
{
"endTime": "18:10",
"startTime": "06:40",
"sId": 385,
"sType": "38"
},
{
"endTime": "18:10",
"startTime": "06:40",
"sId": 1036,
"sType": "38"
}
]
},
{
"downList": [],
"line": {
"Id": -1,
"Name": "admin",
"icCard": "1"
},
"upList": [
{
"endTime": "18:10",
"startTime": "06:40",
"sId": 385,
"sType": "38"
},
{
"endTime": "18:10",
"startTime": "06:40",
"sId": 1036,
"sType": "38"
}
]
}
]
namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string jsonString = "[{\"downList\": [],\"line\": {\"Id\": -1,\"Name\": \"admin\",\"icCard\": \"1\"},\"upList\": [{\"endTime\": \"18:10\",\"startTime\": \"06:40\",\"sId\": 385,\"sType\": \"38\"},{\"endTime\": \"18:10\",\"startTime\": \"06:40\",\"sId\": 1036,\"sType\": \"38\"}]},{\"downList\": [],\"line\": {\"Id\": -1,\"Name\": \"admin\",\"icCard\": \"1\"},\"upList\": [{\"endTime\": \"18:10\",\"startTime\": \"06:40\",\"sId\": 385,\"sType\": \"38\"},{\"endTime\": \"18:10\",\"startTime\": \"06:40\",\"sId\": 1036,\"sType\": \"38\"}]}]"; Data[] datas = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Data[]>(jsonString); foreach (Data data in datas) { downList[] downList = data.downList; line line = data.line; upList[] upLists = data.upList; //输出 Console.WriteLine(string.Join(",", line.Id, line.Name, line.icCard)); foreach (upList upList in upLists) { Console.WriteLine(string.Join(",", upList.endTime, upList.startTime, upList.sId, upList.sType)); } Console.WriteLine("-----------------------------------------------"); } } } public class Data { public downList[] downList { get; set; } public line line { get; set; } public upList[] upList { get; set; } } public class downList { } public class line { public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string icCard { get; set; } } public class upList { public string endTime { get; set; } public string startTime { get; set; } public int sId { get; set; } public string sType { get; set; } } }
