ubuntu14 opencv python 安装

本文记录了Ubuntu 14.04下使用源码手动安装OpenCV 3.0的过程。此外记录了在Python中安装及载入OpenCV的方法。

1、安装OpenCV所需的库（编译器、必须库、可选库）

GCC 4.4.x or later
CMake 2.6 or higher
Git
GTK+2.x or higher, including headers (libgtk2.0-dev)
pkg-config
Python 2.6 or later and Numpy 1.5 or later with developer packages (python-dev, python-numpy)
ffmpeg or libav development packages: libavcodec-dev, libavformat-dev, libswscale-dev
[optional] libtbb2 libtbb-dev
[optional] libdc1394 2.x
[optional] libjpeg-dev, libpng-dev, libtiff-dev, libjasper-dev, libdc1394-22-dev

[compiler] sudo apt-get install build-essential
[required] sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
[optional] sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev

2、从官网下载最新opencv源码（2.4以上）http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/

或者github

======================2016.8.13更新===================

遇到类似这样的问题:

/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libavcodec.a(avpacket.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `.rodata.str1.1' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/local/lib/libavcodec.a: could not read symbols: Bad value

需要自己编译ffmpeg 加上shared选项

sudo apt-get remove ffmpeg

./configure --enable-gpl --enable-libfaac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libxvid --enable-nonfree --enable-postproc --enable-version3 --enable-x11grab --enable-shared --enable-pic

make -j16

sudo make install

======================================================
3、编译opencv

将opencv放至任意目录，解压

unzip opencv-3.0.0-rc1.zip

创建编译目录，编译

cd ~/opencv-3.0.0-rc1
mkdir release
cd release

cmake -D WITH_CUDA=ON -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/net/wanggu/local ..

(推荐用ccmake .. 可以手动配置更多的选项，比如CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX, "CUDA_GENERATION"= Auto)

-----------------------

CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX /net/wanggu/software/opencv-master/install

遇到cuda问题：

CUDA_GENERATION Auto

-----------------

(2016.8.24 update)

nonfree里面包含features2d, 要启用的话

在opencv3.x中要先下载 https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib

然后ccmake ..

设置以下:

OPENCV_ENABLE_NONFREE ON

OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH /net/wanggu/software/opencv-master/opencv_contrib/modules

----------------

/usr/local 改成其他的，不然要sudo权限。

(opencv-3.0.0-alpha这个版本不靠谱)

检查python上面有没有检测到，以及位置在哪

make -j8
sudo make install -j8

-----------------------------------

添加cv的python环境变量到.bashrc

export CVPATH=/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages

export PYTHONPATH=$CVPATH:$PYTHONPATH

(也有可能是dist-packages)

服务器上的dist里面是3.0.0

site里面是2.4.10

包含cv2.so和cv.py

-------------------

由于usr目录下的opencv版本经常被人改，所以将CVPATH指向自己的anaconda package下/home/wanggu/anaconda/lib

找到自己编译的cv2.so（在release/lib）和cv.py（opencv-2.4.13/modules/python/src2），然后复制进/home/wanggu/anaconda/lib。

-------------------

查看已安装的opencv版本

pkg-config--modversion opencv

=============================

python3 anaconda3 ubuntu 装opencv3：

conda install -c https://conda.binstar.org/menpo opencv3

conda install -c menpo opencv=2.4.11

conda install -c menpo opencv (default is opencv2.4.x)

conda install -c menpo opencv3

========================

4、测试opencv

1) 创建工作目录

mkdir ~/opencv-lena
cd ~/opencv-lena
gedit DisplayImage.cpp

2) 编辑如下代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>

using namespace cv;

int main(int argc, char** argv )
{
if ( argc != 2 )
{
printf("usage: DisplayImage.out <Image_Path>\n");
return -1;
}

Mat image;
image = imread( argv[1], 1 );

if ( !image.data )
{
printf("No image data \n");
return -1;
}
namedWindow("Display Image", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
imshow("Display Image", image);

waitKey(0);

return 0;
}

3) 创建CMake编译文件

gedit CMakeLists.txt

写入如下内容

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
project( DisplayImage )
find_package( OpenCV REQUIRED )
add_executable( DisplayImage DisplayImage.cpp )
target_link_libraries( DisplayImage ${OpenCV_LIBS} )

4) 编译

cd ~/opencv-lena
cmake .
make

5) 执行

此时opencv-lena文件夹中已经产生了可执行文件DisplayImage，下载lena.jpg放在opencv-lena下，运行

./DisplayImage lena.jpg

6) 结果