Java io 入门

前言

在曾今的面试中被问到了io流,nio,还有如今经常听到的netty,io流还能答上一点,其他的一概不知怎么回答;

最近在公司也没事干,正好学习到了io流,就来整理一下吧;

这是Java io流的类图,网上很多,我也是截图的网上的

代码演练

为了直接练习,文中所有涉及到的文件都是先创建好的;

字符流

  • 带有Reader,Writer的都属于字符流

  • 一般是对纯文本进行操作,是以字符为单位读取文本文件,所以以下的实例都是定义的char数组

  • 根据码表映射字符,一次可能读多个字节。

FileReader,FileWriter:

直接对文件操作

        FileReader fileReader=null;
        FileWriter fileWriter=null;
        File readfile=new File("E:/Javaio"+File.separator+"Javastudy.txt");
        File writefile=new File("E:/Javaio/a"+File.separator+"test.txt");
        try {
            fileReader= new FileReader(readfile);
            fileWriter=new FileWriter(writefile);
            char[] read=new char[1024];
            int len=0;
            while ((len=fileReader.read(read))!=-1){
                fileWriter.write(read,0,len);
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                if (fileReader!=null){
                    fileReader.close();
                }
                if(fileWriter!=null){
                    fileWriter.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

BufferedReader,BufferedWriter:

将文件操作的流放入缓冲区,在进行处理

BufferedReader可以对文本一行一行的读取,但是输出的时候需要自己进行隔行,不然数据都会紧紧的挨在一起;

 try {
            File reader = new File("E:/Javaio" + File.separator + "Javastudy.txt");
            File writer = new File("E:/Javaio/a" + File.separator + "test.txt");
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(reader));
            BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(writer));
            char[] read=new char[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len=bufferedReader.read(read))!=-1){
                bufferedWriter.write(read,0,len);
            }
          /*  String line;
            while ((line=bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){
                bufferedWriter.write(line);
                bufferedWriter.newLine();
            }*/
            bufferedWriter.flush();
            bufferedReader.close();
            bufferedWriter.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

注意:这里调用了flush方法,因为改代码段使用了缓冲,缓冲区的数据只有存满了才会自动发送,这里尾存满需,要调用该方法将缓冲区的数据发送出去,不然文本中会没有数据;

InputStreamReader,OutputStreamWriter:

将字节流转换为字符流,在进行处理;

File reader = new File("E:/Javaio" + File.separator + "Javastudy.txt");
        File writer = new File("E:/Javaio/a" + File.separator + "test.txt");
        try {
            InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(reader));
            OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(writer));

            char[] read=new char[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len=inputStreamReader.read(read))!=-1){
                outputStreamWriter.write(read,0,len );
            }
            inputStreamReader.close();
            outputStreamWriter.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

字节流

FileInputStream,FileOutputStream

直接读文件进行操作

 try {
           /* //图片
            File inputstream = new File("E:/Javaio" + File.separator + "1.png");
            File outputstream = new File("E:/Javaio/a" + File.separator + "1.png");*/

           //音乐
            File inputstream = new File("E:/Javaio" + File.separator + "test.mp3");
            File outputstream = new File("E:/Javaio/a" + File.separator + "test.mp3");

            if(outputstream.exists()){
                outputstream.createNewFile();
            }
            FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(inputstream);
            FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(outputstream);

            byte[] read=new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len=fileInputStream.read(read))!=-1){
                fileOutputStream.write(read,0,len);
            }
            fileInputStream.close();
            fileOutputStream.close();

        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

BufferedInputStream,BufferedOutputStream

将文件操作流放入缓冲区再进行操作

因为是对文件直接操作,所以无法一行一行的读取;也没有那个方法;

  /* //图片
            File inputstream = new File("E:/Javaio" + File.separator + "1.png");
            File outputstream = new File("E:/Javaio/a" + File.separator + "1.png");*/

            //音乐
            File inputstream = new File("E:/Javaio" + File.separator + "test.mp3");
            File outputstream = new File("E:/Javaio/a" + File.separator + "test.mp3");
            if (outputstream.exists()) {
                outputstream.createNewFile();
            }
            BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(inputstream));
            BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(outputstream));

            byte[] read=new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len=bufferedInputStream.read(read))!=-1){
                bufferedOutputStream.write(read,0,len);
            }
            bufferedOutputStream.flush();
            bufferedInputStream.close();
            bufferedOutputStream.close();

注意:这里使用了缓冲,需要调用flush方法;

ObjectOutputStream,ObjectInputStream

将对象持久化到本地TXT文件,注意,在TXT文件中的是二进制代码,并不是乱码;所以不要认为是乱码;

            User user=new User();
            user.setUsername("username");
            user.setPassword("password");
            File out=new File("E:/Javaio/a"+File.separator+"object.txt");
            if(out.exists()){
                out.createNewFile();
            }
            ObjectOutputStream outs=new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(out));
            outs.writeObject(user);
            outs.close();

            ObjectInputStream inputStream=new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(out));
            System.out.println(inputStream.readObject());
            inputStream.close();

其他还有很多类和方法没有写,这里只进行入门的操作;代码部分就到这里了;

总结

io流

io流分类

  1. 根据流向来分:输入流和输出流
  2. 根据处理类型来分:字节流和字符流

输入输出流

输入流只能进行读操作,输出流只能进行写操作

字节流和字符流

  • 字节流可以对所有文件进行操作,例如:图片,音乐文件,电影等;字符流只处理文本文档,例如TXT文本,xml,yml等
  • 字节流是以字节为单位,字符流是以字符为单位,可以看到上边的字符流的代码中全是用的char数组,而字节流中全是用的byte数组

参考一

这里面的内容非常详细;

posted @ 2018-08-22 09:27  guoyuchuan  阅读(363)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报