【RMAN】RMAN备份

1、RMAN只备份CDB

　　只备份CDB数据库需要具有SYSDBA或SYSBACKUP权限用户连接到CDB的root环境下，执行backup database root命令即可完成对CDB的备份，方法如下：

RMAN> backup database root;

Starting backup at 08-JUL-21
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=72 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUL-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUL-21
piece handle=/u01/app/backup/backupset/T1_20210708.bak tag=TAG20210708T150300 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 08-JUL-21

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 08-JUL-21
piece handle=/u01/app/backup/backupset/c-2888150031-20210708-04.ctl comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 08-JUL-21

　　查看备份

　　RMAN> list backupset;

RMAN>  list backupset;


List of Backup Sets
===================


BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
7       Full    1.14G      DISK        00:00:02     08-JUL-21      
        BP Key: 7   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210708T150300
        Piece Name: /u01/app/backup/backupset/T1_20210708.bak
  List of Datafiles in backup set 7
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  1       Full 2147117    08-JUL-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/system01.dbf
  3       Full 2147117    08-JUL-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/sysaux01.dbf
  4       Full 2147117    08-JUL-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/undotbs01.dbf
  7       Full 2147117    08-JUL-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/users01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
8       Full    17.95M     DISK        00:00:00     08-JUL-21      
        BP Key: 8   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210708T150303
        Piece Name: /u01/app/backup/backupset/c-2888150031-20210708-04.ctl
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 08-JUL-21
  SPFILE db_unique_name: T1
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2147126      Ckp time: 08-JUL-21

View Code

2、rman备份cdb及所有pdb

　　备份整个CDB数据库及其下面的所有PDB类似于非CDB数据库方法相同，使用具有SYSDBA或SYSBACKUP权限用户连接到CDB的root环境下面，然后执行backup database命令即可完成整个CDB的备份，方法如下：

RMAN> backup database;

Starting backup at 08-JUL-21
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=72 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUL-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUL-21
piece handle=/u01/app/backup/backupset/T1_20210708_1077376375.bak tag=TAG20210708T151255 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUL-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUL-21
piece handle=/u01/app/backup/backupset/T1_20210708_1077376382.bak tag=TAG20210708T151255 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdbseed/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUL-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUL-21
piece handle=/u01/app/backup/backupset/T1_20210708_1077376398.bak tag=TAG20210708T151255 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished backup at 08-JUL-21

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 08-JUL-21
piece handle=/u01/app/backup/backupset/c-2888150031-20210708-05.ctl comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 08-JUL-21

　　查看备份

　　RMAN> list backupset;

RMAN> list backup;


List of Backup Sets
===================


BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
9       Full    1.14G      DISK        00:00:04     08-JUL-21      
        BP Key: 9   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210708T151255
        Piece Name: /u01/app/backup/backupset/T1_20210708_1077376375.bak
  List of Datafiles in backup set 9
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  1       Full 2163200    08-JUL-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/system01.dbf
  3       Full 2163200    08-JUL-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/sysaux01.dbf
  4       Full 2163200    08-JUL-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/undotbs01.dbf
  7       Full 2163200    08-JUL-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/users01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
10      Full    496.66M    DISK        00:00:09     08-JUL-21      
        BP Key: 10   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210708T151255
        Piece Name: /u01/app/backup/backupset/T1_20210708_1077376382.bak
  List of Datafiles in backup set 10
  Container ID: 3, PDB Name: PDB
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  9       Full 2164523    08-JUL-21 2165833      NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/system01.dbf
  10      Full 2164523    08-JUL-21 2166235      NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/sysaux01.dbf
  11      Full 2164523    08-JUL-21 2165014      NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/undotbs01.dbf
  12      Full 2164523    08-JUL-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/users01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
11      Full    556.83M    DISK        00:00:10     08-JUL-21      
        BP Key: 11   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210708T151255
        Piece Name: /u01/app/backup/backupset/T1_20210708_1077376398.bak
  List of Datafiles in backup set 11
  Container ID: 2, PDB Name: PDB$SEED
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  5       Full 2131222    08-JUL-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdbseed/system01.dbf
  6       Full 2131222    08-JUL-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
  8       Full 2131222    08-JUL-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
12      Full    17.95M     DISK        00:00:01     08-JUL-21      
        BP Key: 12   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210708T151333
        Piece Name: /u01/app/backup/backupset/c-2888150031-20210708-05.ctl
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 08-JUL-21
  SPFILE db_unique_name: T1
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2173421      Ckp time: 08-JUL-21

View Code

3、备份单个或多个pdb

在CDB根（root）使用BACKUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE命令备份一个或多个PDB数据库。

RMAN> backup pluggable database pdb;

Starting backup at 08-JUL-21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUL-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUL-21
piece handle=/u01/app/backup/backupset/T1_20210708_1077376824.bak tag=TAG20210708T152024 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 08-JUL-21

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 08-JUL-21
piece handle=/u01/app/backup/backupset/c-2888150031-20210708-06.ctl comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 08-JUL-21

　　查看备份

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
13      Full    521.05M    DISK        00:00:02     08-JUL-21      
        BP Key: 13   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210708T152024
        Piece Name: /u01/app/backup/backupset/T1_20210708_1077376824.bak
  List of Datafiles in backup set 13
  Container ID: 3, PDB Name: PDB
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  9       Full 2182713    08-JUL-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/system01.dbf
  10      Full 2182713    08-JUL-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/sysaux01.dbf
  11      Full 2182713    08-JUL-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/undotbs01.dbf
  12      Full 2182713    08-JUL-21              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/users01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
14      Full    17.95M     DISK        00:00:00     08-JUL-21      
        BP Key: 14   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210708T152027
        Piece Name: /u01/app/backup/backupset/c-2888150031-20210708-06.ctl
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 08-JUL-21
  SPFILE db_unique_name: T1
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2182722      Ckp time: 08-JUL-21

View Code

在PDB中使用BACKUP DATABASE备份当前连接的PDB数据库，前提条件是需要配置好TNSNAMES.ORA文件。

[oracle@T1 network]$ rman target sys/oracle@pdb

Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Jul 8 15:26:21 2021
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: T1:PDB (DBID=172092073)

RMAN> backup database;

Starting backup at 08-JUL-21
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=72 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/T1/pdb/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUL-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUL-21
piece handle=/u01/app/backup/backupset/T1_20210708_1077377200.bak tag=TAG20210708T152639 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 08-JUL-21

恢复

1、整体数据库恢复（cdb和所有pdb）

　　19c数据库加强了RMAN恢复的功能，恢复的方式基本同以前的模式一样，如果是在一个全新的异地进行恢复

　　操作步骤：

首先准备同版本系统和数据库软件，仅安装数据库软件；
备份完将所有备份介质传到异地服务器B(如果两台机器是内连网络，可以考虑结合NFS服务从一开始就备份到服务器B上)。
通过RMAN命令或者拷贝原始库的控制文件到新库上，修改参数文件、创建数据文件路径等，启动CDB数据库到mount状态，声明恢复目录
restore还原数据文件
recover恢复到故障时间点
其他调整

2、单个pdb数据库恢复

　　恢复单个PDB的前提是CDB已经能够正常启动，在CDB启动的情况下在RMAN中采用restore pluggable database pdb名称指定单个PDB数据库进行恢复，如下：

RMAN>restore pluggable database pdb;
...
RMAN>recover pluggable database pdb;
...
最后，使用restlogs方式打开数据库
SQL>alter pluggable database pdb pdb resetlogs;

3、恢复pdb数据文件

　　数据库在open的时候，会对当前的数据的所有数据文件进行检查。如果数据文件出现异常，则从报错中获取数据文件id，到rman下进行还原和恢复后方能正常启动数据库。（还原的前提是你有数据库的rman备份数据，包括：数据文件备份、归档日志备份、还可能用到redo文件）

　　当CDB在打开的时候，数据库不会检查pdb中的数据文件。

RMAN>restore datafile datafile_id;
...
RMAN>recover datafile datafile_id;
...
最后，再次打开数据库
SQL>alter database open;

posted @ 2021-07-23 14:26 蟹Bro 阅读(314) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

刷新页面返回顶部

蟹Bro

前人栽树，后人乘凉

【RMAN】RMAN备份

2、rman备份cdb及所有pdb

3、备份单个或多个pdb

恢复

1、整体数据库恢复（cdb和所有pdb）

公告