全球互联网根服务器地址及位置( Root Servers )
全球互联网根服务器地址
13个根服务器的分布地点：1个为主根服务器，放置在美国。其余12个均为辅根服务器，其中9个放置在美国，欧洲2个，位于英国和瑞典，亚洲1个，位于日本。
即如果在本地DNS服务器没有找相关正向和反向记录（域名和IP地址），本地DNS就会找以下根服务器进行解析：
HOSTNAME IP ADDRESSES OPERATOR
a.root-servers.net 198.41.0.4, 2001:503:ba3e::2:30 Verisign, Inc. （美国, 弗吉尼亚州）
b.root-servers.net 199.9.14.201, 2001:500:200::b University of Southern California,Information Sciences Institute 美国信息科学研究所（美国, 加利弗尼亚州）
c.root-servers.net 192.33.4.12, 2001:500:2::c Cogent Communications （美国, 弗吉尼亚州）
d.root-servers.net 199.7.91.13, 2001:500:2d::d University of Maryland 马里兰大学（美国, 马里兰州）
e.root-servers.net 192.203.230.10, 2001:500:a8::e NASA (Ames Research Center) 美国航空航天管理局（美国, 加利弗尼亚州）
f.root-servers.net 192.5.5.241, 2001:500:2f::f Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. 因特网软件联盟（美国, 加利弗尼亚州）
g.root-servers.net 192.112.36.4, 2001:500:12::d0d US Department of Defense (NIC) 美国国防部网络信息中心（美国, 弗吉尼亚州）
h.root-servers.net 198.97.190.53, 2001:500:1::53 US Army (Research Lab) 美国陆军研究所（美国, 马里兰州）
i.root-servers.net 192.36.148.17, 2001:7fe::53 Netnod （瑞典，斯德哥尔摩）
j.root-servers.net 192.58.128.30, 2001:503:c27::2:30 Verisign, Inc. （美国，弗吉尼亚州）
k.root-servers.net 193.0.14.129, 2001:7fd::1 RIPE NCC （英国，伦敦）
l.root-servers.net 199.7.83.42, 2001:500:9f::42 ICANN （美国, 弗吉尼亚州）
m.root-servers.net 202.12.27.33, 2001:dc3::35 WIDE Project （日本，东京）
Root Servers
The authoritative name servers that serve the DNS root zone, commonly known as the “root servers”, are a network of hundreds of servers in many countries around the world. They are configured in the DNS root zone as 13 named authorities, as follows.
List of Root Servers
HOSTNAME IP ADDRESSES OPERATOR
a.root-servers.net 198.41.0.4, 2001:503:ba3e::2:30 Verisign, Inc.
b.root-servers.net 199.9.14.201, 2001:500:200::b University of Southern California,Information Sciences Institute
c.root-servers.net 192.33.4.12, 2001:500:2::c Cogent Communications
d.root-servers.net 199.7.91.13, 2001:500:2d::d University of Maryland
e.root-servers.net 192.203.230.10, 2001:500:a8::e NASA (Ames Research Center)
f.root-servers.net 192.5.5.241, 2001:500:2f::f Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.
g.root-servers.net 192.112.36.4, 2001:500:12::d0d US Department of Defense (NIC)
h.root-servers.net 198.97.190.53, 2001:500:1::53 US Army (Research Lab)
i.root-servers.net 192.36.148.17, 2001:7fe::53 Netnod
j.root-servers.net 192.58.128.30, 2001:503:c27::2:30 Verisign, Inc.
k.root-servers.net 193.0.14.129, 2001:7fd::1 RIPE NCC
l.root-servers.net 199.7.83.42, 2001:500:9f::42 ICANN
m.root-servers.net 202.12.27.33, 2001:dc3::35 WIDE Project
Configuring the Root Servers
Operators who manage a DNS recursive resolver typically need to configure a “root hints file”. This file contains the names and IP addresses of the root servers, so the software can bootstrap the DNS resolution process. For many pieces of software, this list comes built into the software.
For more information, visit information on root zone and root hints access.
More information
The organisations that operate root servers map the locations of the many root server instances, and also provide other useful material such as statistics on root server utilization.
