kubernetes-Prometheus基于邮件告警

1、告警逻辑框架

Prometheus的告警逻辑框架:

1)指标获取:Prometheus从监控目标中获取指标数据;

2)设置规则:运维人员根据运维管理需要,设置告警规则(rule_files);

3)推送告警:在Pometheus中指定指定告警规则,并设置告警服务器(prometheus.yml),当发生符合告警的规则时,Prometheus就会将告警信息发送给设置的告警服务器;

4)发送告警:在告警服务器中,设置告警路由和告警接收,告警服务器将会根据告警管理配置将告警信息发送给告警接收器(email等);

5)处理告警:运维人员接收到告警信息后,对告警信息进行处理,保证被监控对象的正常运行。

2、指定告警服务和规则文件

告诉Promentheus,将告警信息发送给那个告警管理服务,以及使用那个告警规则文件。这里的告警服务在Kubernetes中部署,对外提供的服务名称为alertmanager,端口为9093。告警规则文件为“/etc/prometheus/rules/”目录下的所有规则文件。

global:
 scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
 evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
 # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# 指定告警服务器
alerting:
 alertmanagers:
 - static_configs:
 - targets:
 - alertmanager:9093

# 指定告警规则文件
rule_files:
 - "/etc/prometheus/rules/*.yml"
 # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
 # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
 - job_name: 'prometheus'

# metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
 # scheme defaults to 'http'.

static_configs:
 - targets: ['localhost:9090']
 - job_name: 'redis'
 static_configs:
 - targets: ['redis-exporter-np:9121']
 - job_name: 'node'
 static_configs:
 - targets: ['prometheus-prometheus-node-exporter:9100']
 - job_name: 'windows-node-001'
 static_configs:
 - targets: ['10.0.32.148:9182']
 - job_name: 'windows-node-002'
 static_configs:
 - targets: ['10.0.34.4:9182']
 - job_name: 'rabbit'
 static_configs:
 - targets: ['prom-rabbit-prometheus-rabbitmq-exporter:9419']

3、设置告警规则

设置告警的规则,Prometheus基于此告警规则,将告警信息发送给告警服务。这将未启动的实例信息发送给告警服务,告知哪些实例没有正常启动。

#rules
groups:
 - name: node-rules
 rules:
 - alert: InstanceDown # 告警名称
   expr: up == 0 # 告警判定条件
   for: 3s # 持续多久后,才发送
   labels: # 标签
    team: k8s
   annotations: # 警报信息
    summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: has been down"
    description: "{{$labels.instance}}: job {{$labels.job}} has been down "

4、设置告警信息路由和接受器

这里设置通过邮件接收告警信息,当告警服务接收到告警信息后,会通过邮件将告警信息发送给被告知者。

global:
 resolve_timeout: 5m
 smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.163.com:25' # 发送信息邮箱的smtp服务器代理
 smtp_from: 'xxx@163.com' # 发送信息的邮箱名称
 smtp_auth_username: 'xxx' # 邮箱的用户名
 smtp_auth_password: 'SYNUNQBZMIWUQXGZ' # 邮箱的密码或授权码

route:
 group_by: ['alertname']
 group_wait: 10s
 group_interval: 10s
 repeat_interval: 1h
 receiver: 'email'
receivers:
 - name: 'email'
 email_configs:
 - to: 'xxxxxx@aliyun.com' # 接收告警的邮箱
 headers: { Subject: "[WARN] 报警邮件"} # 接收邮件的标题

inhibit_rules:
 - source_match:
 severity: 'critical'
 target_match:
 severity: 'warning'
 equal: ['alertname', 'dev', 'instance']

5、验证

在方案中Prometheus所监控的实例中,redis和windows-node-002没有正常启动,因此根据上述的告警规则,应该会将这些信息发送给被告警者的邮箱。

在被告警者的邮箱中,接收的告警信息如下。

posted @ 2020-05-12 16:06  禾子、  阅读(470)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报