Apache的安装部署 2(加密认证 ,网页重写 ,搭建论坛)

一.http和https的基本理论知识
1. 关于https:
HTTPS(全称:Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure,超文本传输安全协议),是以安全为
目标的HTTP通道,即HTTP的安全版。HTTP下加入SSL层,HTTPS的安全基础是SSL,因此加密的详细
内容就需要SSL。 它是一个URI scheme(抽象标识符体系),句法类同http体系。用于安全的HTTP
数据传输。https:URL表明它使用了HTTP,但HTTPS存在不同于HTTP的默认端口及一个加密/身份验
证层(在HTTP与TCP之间)。

2.http与https的区别
HTTP协议传输的数据都是未加密的,也就是明文的,因此使用HTTP协议传输隐私信息非常不安全,
为了保证这些隐私数据能加密传输,于是网景公司设计了SSL(Secure Sockets Layer)协议用于
对HTTP协议传输的数据进行加密,从而就诞生了HTTPS。即HTTPS协议是由SSL+HTTP协议构建的可
进行加密传输、身份认证的网络协议,要比http协议安全。

HTTPS和HTTP的区别主要如下:
  
  (1)https协议需要到ca申请证书,一般免费证书较少,需要一定费用。
  (2)http是超文本传输协议,信息是明文传输,https则是具有安全性的ssl加密传输协议。
  (3)http和https使用的是完全不同的连接方式,用的端口也不一样,前者是80,后者是443。
  (4)http的连接很简单,是无状态的;HTTPS协议是由SSL+HTTP协议构建的可进行加密传输、身份认证的网络协议,比http协议安全。

二.具体实现
1.加密认证
没有加密之前,访问https不能访问

 

 

 


[root@apache-server ~# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d
[root@apache-server conf.d]# yum install -y mod_ssl # 用mod_ssl来实现https
[root@apache-server conf.d]# ls # 会生成一个文件

 

 

 


[root@apache-server conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

有了加密软件之后,就可以通过证书来进行访问

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

上面的证书是系统自己生成的,可是我想自己制作证书,以下操作是我自己在生成证书

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


[root@apache-server conf.d]# yum install -y crypto-utils # 此软件提供加密工具
[root@apache-server conf.d]# genkey www.westos.com # 生成该网页的证书和密钥

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[root@apache-server conf.d]# vim ssl.conf # 把生成的证书和密钥写进文件里
101 SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/www.westos.com.crt
109 SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key
[root@apache-server conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd  


打开浏览器访问

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


虽然加密成功了,但是在网页上必须输入https://172.25.254.142才可以进行访问,不能自动跳转,接下来我们来优化一下,让它自己跳转

2.网页重写
[root@apache-server conf.d]# cd /var/www/
[root@apache-server www]# ls
cgi-bin html wetos.com
[root@apache-server www]# cd wetos.com/
[root@apache-server wetos.com]# ls
music news
[root@apache-server wetos.com]# mkdir login/html/ -p
[root@apache-server wetos.com]# vim login/html/index.html
1 this is login's page
[root@apache-server wetos.com]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
[root@apache-server conf.d]# vim login.conf
1 <VirtualHost *:443>
2 SSLEngine on
3 ServerName login.westos.com
4 DocumentRoot /var/www/westos.com/login/html
5 CustomLog logs/login.log combined
6 SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/www.westos.com.crt
7 SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key
8 </VirtualHost>
9 <Directory "/var/www/westos.com/login/html">
10 Require all granted
11 </Directory>
12 <VirtualHost *:80>
13 ServerName login.westos.com
14 RewriteEngine on
15 RewriteRule ^(/.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}$1 [redirect=302]
16 </VirtualHost>

 

 

 


[root@apache-server conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

[root@foundation78 Desktop]# vim /etc/hosts # 写解析
172.25.254.142 www.westos.com news.westos.com music.westos.com login.westos.com

在浏览器上测试

 

 

 

 

3.搭建论坛
[root@apache-server conf.d]# mkdir -p /var/www/westos.com/bbs/html/
[root@apache-server conf.d]# cd /var/www/westos.com/bbs/html
[root@apache-server html]# ls # 获取论坛模版的压缩包
Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip
[root@apache-server html]# unzip Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip # 解压
[root@apache-server html]# ls
Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip readme upload utility
[root@apache-server html]# cd readme/
[root@apache-server readme]# ls
changelog.txt convert.txt license.txt readme.txt upgrade.txt
[root@apache-server readme]# less readme.txt

 

 

 


[root@apache-server readme]# cd ..
[root@apache-server html]# cd upload/
[root@apache-server upload]# ls
admin.php connect.php forum.php member.php search.php uc_serverapi cp.php group.php misc.php source userapp.phpapi.php crossdomain.xml home.php plugin.php staticarchiver data index.php portal.php templateconfig favicon.ico install robots.txt uc_client
[root@apache-server upload]# chmod -R 777 config
[root@apache-server upload]# chmod -R 777 data
[root@apache-server html]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
[root@apache-server conf.d]# vim bbs.conf
1 <VirtualHost *:80>
2 ServerName bbs.westos.com
3 DocumentRoot /var/www/westos.com/bbs/html
4 CustomLog logs/bbs.log combined
5 </VirtualHost>
6 <Directory "/var/www/westos.com/bbs/html">
7 Require all granted
8 </Directory>

 

 

 


[root@apache-server conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd
1
[root@foundation78 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
172.25.254.142 bbs.westos.com

再次进行访问

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[root@apache-server conf.d]# getenforce
Enforcing
[root@apache-server conf.d]# setenforce 0 # 把selinux设置成为警告模式

刷新网页

 

 

 

 


[root@apache-server conf.d]# cd /var/www/westos.com/bbs/html/
[root@apache-server html]# ls
Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip readme upload utility
[root@apache-server html]# cd upload/
[root@apache-server upload]# ls
admin.php connect.php forum.php member.php search.php uc_serverapi cp.php group.php misc.php source userapp.phpapi.php crossdomain.xml home.php plugin.php staticarchiver data index.php portal.php templateconfig favicon.ico install robots.txt uc_client

[root@apache-server upload]# chmod -R 777 uc_client uc_server

 

 

 

 


刷新网页

 

 

 

[root@apache-server upload]# yum install -y mariadb-server
[root@apache-server upload]# vim /etc/my.cnf
10 skip-networking=1
[root@apache-server upload]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@apache-server upload]# netstat -antlp | grep mysql
[root@apache-server upload]# mysql_secure_installation
[root@apache-server upload]# php -m # 发现php不支持mysql
[root@apache-server upload]# yum install -y php-mysql
[root@apache-server upload]# systemctl restart httpd

刷新网页

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


论坛搭建成功

 

posted @ 2019-11-29 15:08  禾子、  阅读(416)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报