Matlab入门学习(矩阵、函数、绘图的基本使用)

一、矩阵

  1、定义和简单使用(一般的编程语言,数组下标都是从0开始的,但是MATLAB是从1开始的) 

>> a=[1 4 7;
2 5 8;
3 6 9]

a =

     1     4     7
     2     5     8
     3     6     9

>> b=[2 3 4;3 4 5;4 5 3];
>> c=[1;2;3];
>> a+b

ans =

     3     7    11
     5     9    13
     7    11    12

>> a*b

ans =

    42    54    45
    51    66    57
    60    78    69

>> a*c

ans =

    30
    36
    42

  2、常用矩阵运算和函数

A':矩阵转置;

A+B,A-B,A*b:矩阵加减;

inv(A):矩阵求逆;

rank(A):矩阵的秩;

B/A:等价于B*inv(a);

A.*B:点乘,即对应元素相乘;

A(i,:),A(:,j):第i行,第j列;

zeros(n):n阶零矩阵;

eye(n):单位矩阵;

[X,D]=eig(A):X,特征向量,D,特征值

A([i,j],:)=A([j,i],:0):第i行和第j行交换位置;

二、极限(limit),求导(diff),积分(int)

>> F=sym('(1+a/x)^x');
>> limit(F,'x',inf,'left')
 
ans =
 
exp(a)
 
>> syms x;
>> y=log((x+2)/(1-x));
 
>> diff(y,x)
 
ans =
 
((1/(x - 1) - (x + 2)/(x - 1)^2)*(x - 1))/(x + 2)
 
>> diff(y,x,3)
 
ans =
 
(2*(1/(x - 1) - (x + 2)/(x - 1)^2)*(x - 1))/(x + 2)^3 - (2*(2/(x - 1)^2 - (2*(x + 2))/(x - 1)^3))/(x + 2) - (2*(1/(x - 1) - (x + 2)/(x - 1)^2))/(x + 2)^2 + (2*(2/(x - 1)^2 - (2*(x + 2))/(x - 1)^3)*(x - 1))/(x + 2)^2 + ((6/(x - 1)^3 - (6*(x + 2))/(x - 1)^4)*(x - 1))/(x + 2)
 
>> y=x^5+y^3-sqrt(x)/4;
>> int(y)
Warning: Explicit integral could not be found.  
 
ans =
 
int(log(-(x + 2)/(x - 1))^3, x) - x^(3/2)/6 + x^6/6
 
>> pretty(ans)
 
                            3 
                            - 
    /                       2    6 
   |     /   x + 2 \3      x    x 
   |  log| - ----- |  dx - -- + -- 
  /      \   x - 1 /       6    6

三、绘图

  常用的绘图函数有fplot,plot,plot3,mesh,还有一个辅助函数meshgrid。fplot是根据一个已知的函数表达式画图,plot是画一个二维图,已知x,y的坐标,plot3是画三维图,mesh是画有颜色的三维网状(将空间中每三个点连成一个三角片)图。

fplot('x^3+2*x^2+exp(x)',[-3,1]);
subplot(2,2,1);
fplot('x^3+2*x^2+exp(x)',[-3,1]);
title('fplot');
x=-3:0.1:1;
y=x.^3+2*x.^2+exp(x);
subplot(2,2,2);
plot(x,y);
title('plot');
t=0:0.1:6;
x=t.^3;
y=cos(t);
z=sin(2*t);
subplot(2,2,3);
plot3(x,y,z);
title('plot3');
subplot(2,2,4);
x=-10:0.1:5;
y=-10:0.1:10;
[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);
z=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2);
mesh(x,y,z);
title('mesh');

运行(F5)结果如图所示:

               

 

posted @ 2016-01-25 12:00  冠king  阅读(5120)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报